The character of Polonius, in Shakespeare's Hamlet, proves
himself to be a questionable parent at best when he asks "his man" Reynaldo to search
out Laertes in France in order to examine Laertes' behavior. In other words, Polonius
wants Reynaldo to be a devious spy. Laertes, of course, is Polonius' own son. Polonius
has given Laertes quite a bit of (rambling) advice before Laertes goes to France to
complete his studies. Obviously, Polonius doesn't trust his own offspring. Considering
the expense of sending Reynaldo to France and verbally inquire about Laertes'
whereabouts and doings, obviously Polonius finds this devious spying to be quite
important. Let's look at some of the text in order to put Reynaldo as "spy" and
Polonius as "questionable parent" under the literary
microscope.
The guise as to which Reynaldo is to appear in
France is to give Laertes "this money and these notes." In these first few lines of the
chapter, some readers can be a bit confused because Polonius keeps using the pronoun
"he" and never uses his son's actual name (Laertes). Still, Reynaldo is given strict
instructions not to visit "him" (Laertes) until he is able to "make inquire of his
behaviour."
Making this "inquire" is where the spying comes
in. Next Polonius asks Reynaldo to be quite sure as to whom he is speaking in order to
find the right people to ask about Laertes. He spends quite a few lines concentrating
on this and asking Reynaldo to:
readability="14">
Inquire me first what Danskers are in
Paris,
And how, and who, what means, and where they keep,
What
company, at what expense; and finding
By this encompassment and drift of
question
That they do know my son, come you more nearer
Than your
particular demands will touch
it.
Third, Polonius instructs
Reynaldo not to reveal that he is actually spying but to say that he simply knows
Laertes' "father and his friends, and in part him." Through it all Polonius continually
asks Reynaldo if he is listening and marking the words that Polonius is saying. (I find
this quite interesting because it shows that Polonius, himself, has the knowledge that
he tends to ramble and, as a result, his listeners stop listening to him, ... quite
often.)
Fourth, Polonius (amazingly) tells Reynaldo to tell
whatever lies he pleases in order to falsely implicate Laertes in order to get the truth
out of whoever is being spoken to. In fact, Polonius
says:
Put on
him
What forgeries you please—marry, none so rank
As may dishonour
him, take heed of that—
But, sir, such wanton, wild and usual
slips
As are companions noted and most known
To youth and
liberty.
In other words,
accuse Laertes of anything that makes "youth" both "common" and "wanton," although
nothing that would "dishonour" Laertes. And when Reynaldo suggests "gaming," Polonius
goes further and wants suggestions of more than that:
readability="10">
Ay, or drinking, fencing, swearing,
quarrelling,
Drabbing. You may go so
far.
Here, Reynaldo is
surprised that Polonius would have his spy suggest such things because Reynaldo admits
that "My lord, that would dishonour him." But Polonius dismisses Reynaldo's assumption
because he wants Reynaldo to ask about those very particular things. According to
Polonius, it all depends on the expert way that Reynaldo would "season" his words.
Ironically, here Polonius does say that Reynaldo should not "put another scandal on
him," but only such things as normal youth would do when away from home. Another irony
here is that Reynaldo says nothing except the word "but," ... and Polonius then rambles
how horrible Reynaldo is by even suggesting that Polonius is a bad father for suggesting
this scam. In truth, Reynaldo says nothing of the
sort.
Finally, Polonius tries to label what he is doing as
a "trick of protection" because the final product (Polonius is sure) is that Laertes
will be labeled as a "good sir" or a "friend" or a "gentleman." And after losing his
place amid his rambling thoughts, Polonius asks Reynaldo what was being discussed and
then blurts out that by using lies about Laertes,
readability="5">
Your bait of falsehood takes this carp of
truth;
And thus do we of wisdom and of
reach
In other words,
Polonius thinks that lies will allow Reynaldo to learn the real truth of Laertes'
doings. The reader should note the inconstancy and deviousness of this awkward request
and, therefore, view Polonius as a questionable parent and, in fact, a questionable
character from now on.