The answer would be 2 because, even though both answers
are possible, we cannot liberally ascertain that EVERY culture is equally touched by
photography. That would be to generalize.
The significance
of photographs as a visual text at elementary school is based on the fact that pictures
allow for additional observation, helps build schema, provides additional visualization
of the topic at hand, and, like you stated yourself, it also illustrates the text and
its surroundings.
When a topic is hard to bring from the
abstract to the concrete (such as for example, historical events), a photograph
definitely helps to add to the learning experience with a factual representation of the
event. This will help the student builds create more learning bridges to the
lesson.
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