Explain how nemises overtook a.) Claudius b.) Laertes c.) Gertrude d.) Hamletplzzz help outt...this question iz from the book Hamlet by William...

A nemesis is generally a foe who seeks revenge; in a
broader sense, it's any enemy.  I'm not sure these characters all have a true nemesis,
but they each die because of someone else's
actions.

Laertes - Hamlet is the one who kills Laertes, but
he absolves Hamlet of guilt.  He understands, as he's dying, that Claudius fed his anger
against Hamlet and used him to try to further his plans to kill
Hamlet.

Claudius - He's only one of two in this play who
does die at the hands of a true nemesis--Hamlet avenging his father's
murder.

Gertrude -  She dies for much the same reason as
Laertes, a casualty of Claudius's plot to kill
Hamlet. 

Hamlet - While it is Laertes who inflicts Hamlet's
fatal wound, Hamlet dies due to the scheming of Claudius.  Claudius is his true nemesis,
in that the King has plotted and schemed to have him killed.