Local color writing, which developed in American
literature after the Civil War, realistically depicts life in a particular part of the
country at a particular time. Local color writers employed many specific descriptive
details to capture the unique qualities of their geographical areas and the people who
lived there. These descriptive details frequently included the way people dress and
speak.
O. Henry's stories are known for their New York City
settings at the turn of the 19th Century. That was the geographical area and the segment
of American culture he captured through description. In "The Cop and the Anthem," many
descriptive details specific to New York City at this time can be
identified.
As the story opens, Soapy, the protagonist, is
sitting on his regular bench in Madison Square, near "the spurting fountain in the
ancient square." As winter nears, Soapy plans to spend the cold months on "the Island."
This is a reference to Ryker's Island, a jail located in New York City's East River.
Soapy then leaves Madison Square and walks to the intersection of Broadway and Fifth
Avenue, two famous New York City avenues. He visits a fancy restaurant on Broadway and
then makes his way to a shop on Sixth Avenue. Later in the story, Soap walks through New
York City's theater district and eventually finds himself at a
church:
Here
was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a
soft light glowed . . . .
The
church is surrounded by an iron fence. The descriptive details suggest that Soapy is
standing before one of New York's old historical churches. Inspired by the music he
hears at the church, Soapy decides to seek work the next day, in "the roaring downtown
district" where he thinks he can find work with a fur importer. Through all of these
details, O. Henry captures the geography and the flavor of his New York City
setting.
Other elements of local color can be found in the
story, as well:
- Seal-skin coats, fur coats,
four-in-hand ties, greatcoats, and silk umbrellas are in
fashion. - City shelters are available for the
poor. - A good cigar costs one
dollar. - Some streets are
cobblestone. - Policemen wear helmets and carry billy
clubs. - Manhattan cocktails are served with
cherries. - A man who propositions a woman on the street is
a "masher." - Some characters speak in vernacular
style.
Through all of these details, O. Henry
captures the local color of New York City in the late 1800s.
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