Who were the leaders of the political factions develping in the United States and what were their respective political agendas?

Assuming that the question is intended for the time period
after the ratification of the Constitution, the two political factions that developed
were the Federalists led by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton and the
Democratic-Republicans led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, whom both served in
President George Washington’s 1st Cabinet.   The foundation of their political
differences lingered from Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist debates which took place during
the ratification of the Constitution, but the major dividing line developed when
Hamilton presented his idea for a National Bank, which Jefferson, and his followers,
vehemently opposed.

The debate over the creation of the
national bank centers on the interpretation of the Constitution, in regards to the
“enumerated” powers of the federal government.  The Constitution does not explicitly
give the federal government the right to create a national banking institution, so is it
included in the elastic “necessary and proper” clause of those listed powers?  In this
debate, the Democratic-Republicans developed a “strict” interpretation of the
Constitution, which simply means, if the federal government is not given a specific
power, than those powers fall to others (people, state governments, local governments,
etc.),  The Federalists argued a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution and because
one of the powers given to the federal government was the ability to coin and borrow
money, then a national bank was necessary , in order to, successfully carry out that
power.  These interpretations would remain linked to these political factions as time
passed and the divisions grew larger.

As the Hamilton-led
Federalists grew, they typically included wealthy, East coast shippers, manufacturers,
and businessmen who benefitted from Hamilton’s national bank and other fiscal policies. 
The political agenda of the Federalists included: a belief in a strong, pro-business,
central government, a pro-British stance, a high/protective tariff, a national bank, and
a strong navy to protect their off-shore interests.  Again, the Federalist agenda was
designed to benefit the wealthy businessmen of the era, who then supported a strong
central government.

As the Jefferson-led
Democratic-Republicans grew, they typically included middle to lower class farmers,
laborers, and artisans, whom lived further inland from the coast.  The political agenda
of the Democratic-Republicans included: a belief in a weaker central government, with
more power going to state governments, including state banks, a pro-French stance, a
lowered tariff, and an extension of democracy to an “informed” masses.  Again, the
Democratic-Republican agenda was designed to strengthen state governments and benefit
the more “common” man.