Magnesium metal can be used to distinguish between an acid
and a base by observing the reaction of magnesium with the given
liquid.
Magnesium reacts with acids and dissolves in them
to form solutions containing the aquated Mg (II) ion together with hydrogen gas, H2. For
example with H2SO4 and HCl the reaction of Magnesium is as
follows:
Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) +
H2(g)
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) +
H2(g)
Magnesium does not react with dilute
bases.
So if hydrogen is produced and the magnesium
dissolves in the liquid you are testing it is an acid and if it does not react the
liquid is a base.
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