Explain how would the energy conservation law fail if electric current is assumed as a vector quantity?

Perhaps you need to double check the question? Or provide
greater context?

The fact of the matter is that electric
current IS a vector quantity, and the energy conservation law does NOT fail. So some
added detail is needed to answer your question.

Current is
a vector quantity because it is made up of moving charges; the charges are moving in
some direction; direction + quantity = vector
quantity.

Consider the energy conservation law
written in the form of Poynting's theorem:

du/dt =
-∇·S - J ·
E ( · is the dot product
)

Here, J is the current
density vector; note that I, the current vector, is
qJ. So I, even as a vector,
satisfies the conservation of energy. Note that current is always a vector, even if it
is all flowing in only one direction.

In The Crucible in Act II, describe the power Abigail has in the courtroom.

Abigail is the consummate actor, a professional liar, as
it were, and by Act II she is frightening the villagers and the Court alike by fainting
while it is in session, and falling to the ground with stomach pains.  Abigail had
witnessed Mary putting the needle in a doll she was making during the court proceedings,
and as though it were a voodoo doll wielded by a jealous wife, she accuses Elizabeth
Proctor of sending out her spirit to stab her.  The Court buys this lie hook, line and
sinker after the court clerk discovers the doll in the Proctor home with a needle inside
it, and Elizabeth soon finds herself arrested for
witchcraft.

At this point we see Abigail start to become
aware of her influence in the Court and the village, and she is a little drunk from this
power.  She will use it to her own ends (to kill Elizabeth Proctor by getting her
sentenced to death) so that she can, in her own mind, be with John, but she also seems
to just genuinely like the fact that as a young woman, she has the ultimate power of
life and death over others.

In Brave New World John quotes, "exposing what is moral and unsure to all that fortune death and danger dare even for an eggshell" What does he...

Witness this
army of such mass and charge,

Led by a delicate and tender
prince,

Whose spirit, with divine ambition
puffed,

Makes mouths at the invisible
event,

Exposing what is mortal and
unsure

To All that fortune, death, and danger
dare,

Even for an eggsheel.
(4.4.47)

John's allusion is
from the passage in which Hamlet observes the noble Prince of Norway, Fortinbras, who
has the courage to go into a battle that he may easily lose.  Inspired by this
fortitude, Hamlet finally decides to avenge the death of his father by dueling Laertes
and trying, then, to kill Claudius.  He declares that he is "Hamlet, the Dane" and
sallies forth.  After alluding to this passage, John asks Mond, "Isn't there something
in living dangerously?" in repudiating the new world of soma,
conformity, conditioning--in abolishing "the slings and arrows of
fortune."

The discourse between Mustapha Mond and John in
which John argues for choice and God illustrates the dichotomy of the New World against
the old world of the reservation.  Here Huxley poses a choice between freedom and
comfort.  Fortinbras in the passage from Hamlet is noble, ready to
sacrifice in the name of freedom; John chooses freedom and God.  Mond chooses the
stability and comfort of the New World.  The two world views of John and Mond are
obviously incompatible.

How did the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and CitizenreflectonJohn Locke's ideas about the...

It seems to me that both documents bring to light the
dominant theme of popular sovereignty that exists in Locke's work.  Being an
Enlightenment thinker, Locke was primarily associated with asserting the rationality of
human beings.  In this light, Locke made clear the idea that human beings give voice and
authenticity to their political regimes.  Jefferson took this idea in his writing as he
makes the case for the Colonists breaking free of the British.  Jefferson's argument in
the idea that the British acts and encroachments on colonial freedom have violated the
basic level of trust between people and authority pulls from Locke's notion of popular
sovereignty.  In the French Declaration, the Divine Right of Kings is rejected for a
more Lockian presence of popular sovereignty.  This is seen when the document calls for
a dissolution of government that has lost the faith and respect of the people.  The
notion of people giving authority to their authority is a notion from Locke and an
argument constructed within both documents.

What's Piggy's first impression of Jack?(when he first meets him on the island)

Piggy's exact reaction is best stated in Golding's very
own words:

He
was intimidated by this uniformed superiority and the offhand authority in Merridew’s
voice. He shrank to the other side of Ralph and busied himself with his
glasses.

This is certainly a
foreshadowing moment because when an author introduces us to a character even if it is
through the action of other characters, that speaks loudly of the initial character's
persona. Piggy's intimidation of Jack will likely be a recurring theme. Piggy persisted
though with Ralph and Jack and made effort at that first meeting to at least assert that
stock of who was on the island should be taken into consideration. Jack works a jab at
Piggy's appearance through this process and Piggy is further mortified by
Jack.

Why does Shakespeare use thunder and lightning with his setting? Is he trying to suggest cosmic disorder? Explain.

Shakespeare uses thunder and lightening to not only to
complement his theme of fate vs. free will as well as to enhance the mood of the play. 
Most of the storming occurs while Cassius is convincing Brutus to kill Caesar, and while
Brutus is deciding whether or not to help.  It is a simple, but effective way, to
heighten the frightening and conspiratorial atmosphere.

In
addition, the way Shakespeare's characters react to the storming is important.  Casca is
frightened of it and Cicero says no one should be outside in it--common reactions,
especially in a time when people thought storms were the cause of the gods.  The only
reason the gods would send a storm is if they were angry with something that was
happening on earth.  Cassius, on the other hand, is defiant of the storm--in fact, he
tempts the lightening to strike him if the storm is in reference to him.  This is
Cassius's first misinterpretation--or unwillingness to interpret--of omens sent to warn
him against his actions.  He is unable to correctly interpret omens until Act
Five.

How does symbolism, irony, plot, title, historical reference support the theme of the story?The theme of women being powerless, while men dominate....

Set in the Victorian Age, Charlotte Perkins Gilman's story
"The Yellow Wallpaper" portrays a woman's repression, a repression which brings on
mental illness.  Of course, the great irony of the story is that the narrator's husband,
John, follows the advice of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell (the real doctor who treated Gilman
herself) and has his wife confined in a room for bed rest in an effort to cure her
depression, but this very confinement is what leads to her complete mental
breakdown.

This mental breakdown is symbolized in the
narrator's delusionary images of a woman trapped behind the hideous unsymmetrical
pattern of a yellow wallpaper in the solitary bedroom where she is confined.  While she
must remain in bed alone, the narrator has nothing with which to divert herself, so she
stares for hours at the wallpaper. Having become obsessed with the pattern, she says
that life is more exciting now than it used to be because she has "something more to
expect, to look forward to, to watch."  Because she eats better and is more quiet than
she has been, "John is so pleased to see me improve!"  Here, too, there is irony since
the narrator is actually becoming worse, but her husband believes her
better.

The destructive force of the patriarchal society of
Gilman's narrator is apparent with the deterioration of the narrator's sanity.  The
restrictions placed upon the woman do not allow her creativity any avenues or outlets. 
So, she is forced to occupy her thoughts with something, and the ugly yellow wallpaper
becomes her focus.  Had she been allowed to write or walk in the garden or see her
baby as she had longed to do, Gillman's narrator may have been able to overcome her
depression.  Gillman herself, having suffered post-partum depression and having been
treated by Dr. Mitchell in real life, removed herself from his care; and, attributing
her emotional problems in part to the confines of her marriage, she left her husband, as
well.

What is the falling action, resolution and denoument?

The falling action of a story consists of the events that
happen after the climax, but before the resolution.  In "The Cask of Amontillado," the
climax of the story occurs when Montresor chains Fortunato to the wall of the
catacombs.  Fortunato's entrapment is the event that the story has been leading up to
until this point (rising action); now, the story begins to lead downhill, toward the
ending (falling action).

After Fortunato is chained and
Montresor begins to brick his "friend" in.  By the time Montresor is ready to position
the last brick, which will seal Fortunato's fate, Fortunato becomes frantic and
desperate, then, finally, unresponsive.  Montresor completes his masonry work and
leaves.

The terms "resolution" and "denoument" both refer
to the ending of a story, in which an insight or change is made evident to the reader. 
In the case of "The Cask of Amontillado," the resolution is revealed in the last few
sentences:

I
forced the last stone into its position; I plastered it up.  Against the new masonry I
reeerected the old rampart of bones.  For the half of a century no mortal has disturbed
them.  In pace
requiescat!

The
resolution of this story comes when the reader realizes that Fortunato's murder took
place fifty years ago.  He was already dead as Montresor told his
tale.

What points does Hawthorne make with the comparison of Hester's and Dimmesdale's reactions to their sins?Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter

InThe Scarlet Letter, as
well as in a number of his works, Nathaniel Hawthorne concerns his narratives with the
devasting effects of a religion that refused to allow its followers to be forgiven for
sin. While Hester is scorned, publicly humilitated, and ostracized after her conviction
for adultery, her good works do, nevertheless, earn her some forgiveness by the
community as the scarlet A later comes to mean "Angel" and "Able"; eventually, the
townspeople consult Hester for advice and comfort. Thus, she is freed of the burden of
her sin as she can live an authentic existence, not one in which she must hide her
conscience from others.

It is the characters who conceal
their "secret sin" that are tortured by this sin with little hope of redemption.  In his
desire for revenge, Chillingworth deteriorates physically, but he accepts his evil
nature.  In an interview with Hester, he admits to her in Chapter XVII that he has
become a devil, but he tells her he is committed to his path and it is Dimmesdale who
has transformed him into this fiend.

Likewise, Dimmesdale
becomes distorted in his inability to admit his "secret sin."  The concealed sin
"rankles" in his heart and torments his mind and spirit.  His hypocrisy as a minister
adds to this torment of his conscience as he fervently urges his congregation to openly
repent.  This admonition serves as a mouthpiece for Hawthorne's
theme:

Among
many morals which press upon us from the poor minister's miserable experience, we put
only this into a sentence:  "Be true!  Be True! Be true!  Show freely to the world, if
not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst can be
inferred.!"

Unwillingly,
Hester,who must show freely her sin to the world, attains as a consequence, an authentic
existence free of hypocrisy.  But, Chillingworth and Dimmesdale, who hide their "secret
sins," are destroyed by their hypocrisy--Chillingworth by the evil he embraces and
Dimmesdale by the guilt he harbors in his soul.

what are the merits and demerits of Interview method with examples?

What jesnas subdivided into was more like ways of
interacting or media. Interviews really subdivide into unstructured, semi structured and
structured.  You can use all  of the media for each of
these.

Unstructured is when you have no plan just an idea
or an intersting person etc --chat and find out where it goes--great for new topics
etc.  Semi structured has a spine that you want to follow e.g. A to B via Z and you can
stray on and off as things develop but you get back on track eventally, Structured is
much like a set questionnaire.

jesnas highlighted some of
the strengths and weaknesses but omitted a couple of biggys.  Potential to lead the
respondent is one.  By skillful prompt you can lead the respondend where you want and
get the answer you want. Selection bias is another, picking peole who may give the
responses you want.  There is also (mentioned by jesnas in part) social desirability
bias, people may want to look good in the interviewer's eyes, or may not give their real
thoughts because it is again what decent people think.

The
big plus side is no other method can gather such rich data as an interview done
well.

Silverstrummer

Describe the experiences of African-Americans during the Great Depression and as they took part in World War II.

In the 1920s, African American culture had flourished
thanks to the Harlem Renaissance and several groups were created to fight against racism
and segregation (Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association was one of
them). The years of the Great Depression, however, threw back African Americans into
poverty and segregation. Because of the general economic depression, African Americans
were employed only in the most humble and least well-paid jobs. Unemployment and racism
were extremely high in the North too. It was estimated that their life-expectancy was
ten years less than for whites. The years of the Hoover Administration did not lead to
any progress for African Americans and the President himself demonstrated racial
insensitivity rejecting anti-lynching laws and nominating John J. Parker, a supporter of
black disfranchisement, to the Supreme Court (his appointment was eventually rejected by
the Senate).

The case of the Scottsboro Boys was an example
of how racism was still institutionalized. In 1931, nine African Americans were arrested
and charged with raping two white women. An all-white jury convicted the boys within two
weeks of their arrest and sentenced them to death. Although evidence that the women were
lying was soon available the case went on until
1950.

African Americans were an important part of the New
Deal coalition and the election of Roosevelt marked an improvement for them. New Deal
relief agencies and programs helped African Americans to face their economic hardships.
The President appointed a group of African American advisers to the White House, the
so-called "Black Cabinet". Yet, because of the widespread racism, the New Deal record in
race relations remains mixed. Federal financial aid to white planters who took land out
of cultivation were rarely shared with black sharecroppers who were instead evicted out
of the land. Roosevelt was also unwilling to alienate white southerners so he refused to
support laws against lynching and to allow African Americans to
vote.

The massive enrollment of African Americans in the
American Army during the Second World War allowed them to achieve important steps toward
racial equality. Yet, African Americans still had to serve in segregated units and at
several military bases racial riots broke out.

How does Frederick Douglass establish his identity in the book, "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass-An American slave"?no

I think that one way in which Douglass establishes his
identity is through his staunch opposition to slavery. As the book opens, the reader is
made aware of a life in bondage as one that demands outcry and the highest form of
resistance.  Through this, Douglass' identity emerges.  The narrative is one of
resistance, active and thorough.  The events depicted are meant to arouse the anger of
the reader, as it awakened consciousness in him.  The thoughts present and thoroughly
detailed are ones where Douglass understands the evil nature of slavery and progresses
through different levels of deconstructing it.  In terms of personal identity, Douglass'
depiction is one where there is a genuine outrage at why human beings treat others in
such a despicable manner.  In terms of political identity, Douglass is open about how
the presence of slavery constitutes America's "original sin," one where the promises and
hopes of a nation collide with its reality.

Differentiate (x^2-1)/(x^2+1)?

f(x)= (x^2 -1)/(x^2 + 1)

Let
f(x) = u/v such that:

u = (x^2 -1)  ==> u' =
2x

v= x^2 + 1  ==>   v' =
2x

==> f'(x)=
(u'v-uv')/v^2

              = (2x(x^2 + 1) - (x^2 -1)2x
]/(x^2 +1)^2

              = (2x^3 + 2x - 2x^3 +
2x)/(x^2+1)^2

              = 4x/(x^2 +
1)

==> f'(x) = 4x/(^2 + 1)^2

What is that change in language that took place during the British colonial era? At the British colonial era, the British mix with their colonies....

I am not permitted to provide you with answers to all of
your questions. Each specific question must be posted separately. However, I can give
you an overview of how the English language changed between the late 1400s through the
1700s, which appears to encompass most of the British colonial
period.

To start, English—until the arrival of the Norman
French with the invasion of William the Conqueror in 1066—was mainly made up of
Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, and language brought by the Jutes. With this early invasion, the
language in the British Isles was a melting pot. When William arrived, the language of
the noblemen was French, and the language of the common man was English. Over several
hundred years, the two languages merged. English remained dominant in a sense because
the working classes were those in charge of building this new nation William and his
followers had created. However, it is at this point that a great deal of French became a
permanent part of the English language as a whole (i.e.,
rendezvous).

At the end of the medieval period, with an
emerging middle class (sheep farming allowed peasants to leave the feudal manors and
make money), more people could afford to be taught to read. This type of English had
become what we would refer to today as Middle English, having developed from Old
English. However, we would not be able to understand either version
today.

Between 1500-1800, there was something happening
with the language that is now referred to as the Great Vowel Shift. Words were changing
in that the pronunciation became shorter and shorter.  As your question originally
alluded to, during expanded British colonization, words were now entering the common
usage of the English language from countries England had "brought
into the British Empire."

With the advent of the printing
press, more printed materials were produced, which over time became more affordable to
the growing middle class. It also meant that a standard form of English was being put
into print which slowed the constant "morphing" of the language. More people were able
to read now than ever before. Even grammar and spelling solidified, and in 1604, the
first dictionary was published.

Language has changed since
then, but it happens more gradually. The Industrial Revolution (beginning in England
before arriving in America almost 100 years later), for instance, introduced new words
into English. Even today, with the advent of the Internet and new forms of technology,
old words have taken on new meaning ("surfing the web"), and new words have been created
("blogging").

The English language is a living, evolving
thing. It continues to grow and change.

What is the aim of Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu?

The primary focus of Montesquieu's work is to address the
issue of individual freedom and institutional control on a political science level. 
Montesquieu's work operates on a premise that seeks to analyze which form and structure
of government will work best in accordance to Enlightenment understandings of freedom
and individual autonomy.  His solution existed in the idea of divided government.  The
idea of seeing power in government as one domain that needed to be separated into
different branches with each portion containing a different function that is needed to
sustain government is vitally important to Montesquieu's work.  It argues that power is
more likely to be judiciously and cautiously exercised if government is configured in
such a manner where different aspects of power are divided and can be separated out into
other branches of government.

What are the prefect's strengths and weaknesses as a detective in "The Purloined Letter"?

You have asked a question about one of the earliest
detective stories, upon which Sir Arthur Conan Doyle based his famous detective Sherlock
Holmes. One of the key ingredients in this genre is the bumbling, well-meaning
policeman, who is dismissive of the skills of private detectives such as Dupin in this
story, and is determined that good old-fashioned police-work will figure out the crime.
You would do well to think about how Poe builds this picture up in this short
story.

It is clear that Poe is none to complimentary
regarding Monsieur G. of the French Police. From the start there are somewhat dismissive
remarks made about his limitations. For example, consider how the narrator comments upon
Monsieur G's comment of Dupin's that he finds it easier to reflect in
darkness:

readability="9">

"That is another of your odd notions,"
said the Prefect, who had a fashion of calling every thing "odd" that was beyond his
comprehension, and thus lived amid an absolute legion of
"oddities."

The inference is
clear - there are lots of things that are "beyond his comprehension", and because he
lives amidst a "legion of oddities" his ability to comprehend is obviously not that
impressive or powerful.

However, it is clear that Monsieur
G. does have his strengths. As Dupin begins to reveal how he gained the letter to his
friend, he does say:

readability="11">

"The Parisian police... are exceedingly able in
their way. They are persevering, ingenious, cunning and thoroughly versed in the
knowledge which their duties seem chiefly to demand. Thus when G. detailed to us his
method of searching the premises at the Hotel D., I felt entire confidence in his having
made a satisfactory investigation - so far as his labours
extended."

Dupin continues to
support this by saying all the extensive measures that Monsieur G. took were "carried
out to perfection" and that if the letter had been placed where they were looking they
would have found it. However, Monsieur G.'s greatest failing in this case was his
inability to think outside the box and consider other alternatives. This is what led to
his failure to recover the letter - his lack of perception and
comprehension.

So, whilst Monsieur G. is a diligent,
hard-working Prefect who is good at his job, he lacks a crucial element of imagination
and wider perspective that separates him from the greatness of Dupin. It is this fact
that is recognised and exploited by the politician who has purloined the letter, and, in
turn, it is Dupin's ability to do precisely what Monsieur G. is unable to do that allows
him to solve this curious case.

What is an example of the propaganda logical fallacy technique bandwagon in the book Animal Farm by George Orwell?

Bandwagon is a logical fallacy, a propaganda technique
used to convince people of an idea.  It is a fallacy because it's not true.  If you have
ever heard the phrase "jumping on the bandwagon" it means going along with what everyone
else is doing.  Basically, bandwagon means: everyone is doing it, so you should to or
you'll be left out!  Bandwagon can be used to manipulate people, because we all
naturally desire to be part of the hottest trend or to do what others are
doing. 

One use of bandwagon is the idea that some animals
are sacrificing, so everyone should sacrifice.  This is often used during rebellions. 
Bandwagon can be used to encourage everyone to do their part and contribute, because
everyone else is.  The cows give their milk, the chickens give their eggs, and so on. 
Other examples of bandwagon are the battles and the windmill.  Everyone wants to be
involved, because they don't want to be the only ones left out.

What was the incident with Chavez and Lupito in the beginning of the novel?

Chavez is the father of Jason, a friend of Antonio's. 
Early in the novel Bless Me, Ultima, Chavez' brother is killed by
Lupito, a World War II veteran suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.  While
everyone knows Lupito's head isn't right since the war, Chavez cannot let the killing of
his brother go unanswered, and in his own fit of mourning and rage, Chavez is the one
who rounds up a posse to go after Lupito, finally trapping him by the river and
ultimately killing him.

This is an important scene in the
book as it is Tony's first close up view of death, and the first of several in the
story.  He feels sorry for Lupito, and this preares him for his upcoming experiences
with Ultima.

How has Katniss changed throughout Mockingjay?

Throughout the course of the novel, Katniss changes in
some very interesting ways.  First of all, she becomes a lot more wary and suspicious. 
Instead of simply trusting in the leadership of District 13, she is pretty antagonistic
against it; this changes several times in the novel. She decides to trust them and help
them, but then she goes back to distrusting and disliking them.  By the end, she wages a
full-on war against that leadership, making some pretty powerful statements about power
and control.  So, her response to authority and leadership changes throughout the
novel.

Secondly, we see her change quite a bit towards
Peeta.  For the first two books, she was unsure of her feelings for him; she was
ambivalent and even took him for granted.  However, him being taken away from her
changes that quite a bit.  She learns to appreciate all that he did for her.  Her heart
softens; she lets him in more.  This softening of her character is interesting, because
she is such a tough gal throughout most of the books.  In this one, we finally see her
letting Peeta in a bit, and actually softening.

Katniss'
hard, outer shell also becomes a lot tougher in this novel.  She deals with quite a bit
of death and carnage, and on a much larger scale than she had to during the Hunger
Games.  She handles it quite well, stuffing her feelings and dismay about it deep down,
and trooping onward.  She hardens herself to death even more than she has in the past,
and moves on to do what she knows she needs to.  It gives her the capability to be more
fierce, more decisive, and a better leader.

Along those
lines, Katniss becomes a better leader in this novel. In the beginning, she was a social
recluse, hiding out in corners of District 13, not wanting to be bothered or noticed. 
However, she changes through the novel; by the end, she is a determined leader, putting
herself in the limelight over and over again, and confidently making decisions for her
group.  She matures quite a bit in that respect.

I hope
those thoughts help; good luck!

What is the solution of dy/dx = (1+y^2)*e^x?

We have to solve dy/dx =
(1+y^2)*e^x

First we will group all the terms containing y
with dy on one side and those containing x with dx on the
other.

dy/dx =
(1+y^2)*e^x

=> dy / (1+ y^2) = e^x
dx

=> dy / (1+ y^2) - e^x dx
=0

now integrate both the side, we
get

arc tan y – e^x = C

or in
terms of y

=> arc tan y = e^x +
C

=> y = tan (e^x +
C)

Therefore the result is y = tan (e^x +
C)

What is the point of view in "There Will Come Soft Rains"?

You asked more than one question so I have had to edit it
down to just one, focussing on the point of view of this excellent dystopian story.
Well, in a story where there are no characters whatsover - because they have all been
slaughtered by some form of future super weapon - it is clear that the point of view is
third person omniscient. This point of view is adopted when the narrator takes a
God-like position and can see everything from every perspective. This explains the way
we are able to zoom around the inside and outside of the house with ease and see and
hear all that is going on.

Of course, this point of view is
a careful choice of Bradbury's to ensure that we as readers see this amazingly
technologically advanced house go through its normal daily motions. But there is a
central irony that Bradbury establishes very clearly, and this is partly achieved
through the poem that the computer recites. Bradbury seems to be pointing us towards the
fact that the human species is immensely fragile and in a tenuous position. The extent
of our technology does not matter, for we are able to extinguish ourselves at the press
of a button so easily. The truth of this is displayed in the
poem:

Not one
would mind, neither bird nor tree,

If mankind perished
utterly;

And Spring herself, when she woke at
dawn

Would scarcely know that we were
gone.

In this world,
Bradbury, through third person omniscient point of view, presents us with the true irony
of our condition as humans. Yes, we are incredibly advanced, and this will only
continue, but let that not make us arrogant as to forget our true delicate place in the
scheme of things.

ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF A HIATAL HERNIA THE SAME AS GALLBLADDER TROUBLE?

I can tell you that I had a gallbladder attack (I ended up
having it removed the next day) and I had a lot of pressure and pain in my chest. The
pain began in the front of my body and radiated around to my back. This can also be a
sign of a hiatal hernia. Other symptoms of hiatal hernia are heartburn, coughing,
burping, hiccups, and difficulty swallowing. Remember that sometimes there may be no
symptoms present at all. Some of these same symptoms, such as burping and pain, are very
common with gallbladder attacks as well. This is why it is always important to see your
doctor with any of these issues so he or she can figure out exactly what is going on in
the body.

Discuss the use of symbolism in Jane Eyre.

In Jane Eyre fire and ice are key
symbols.  On a number of instances in the first three chapters, Jane mentions that "the
room was chill," and "I sat wrapped before the hearth."  In Chapter 3, she wakes from a
nightmare, but is consoled when she reckonizes the "red glare" as the fire in her own
bedroom.  Then, in Chapter 4, Jane likens her mind to "a ridge of lighted heath, alive,
glancing, devouring." Of course, these symbols recur throughout Bronte's
novel.

Fire is a symbol of Jane's passionate,
fiercely independent nature, while ice is symbolic of the
forces against her such as Brocklehurst and the horrible Lowood School
where the freezing temperatures chill the girls who are ill-dressed for them.  Each
morning the frozen pitchers of water "greet" them.  After her wedding to Mr. Rochester
is interrupted by the objections of Briggs, a solicitor of Richard Mason, Rochester's
brother-in-law, Jane describes her mental state in Chapter
26:

A
Christmas frost had whirled over June; ice glazed the ripe apples, drifts crushed the
blowing roses; on hafield and cornfield lay a frozen shroud:  lanes which last night
blushed full of flowers, today were pathless with untrodden snow; and the woods...now
spread, waste, wild, and white as pine forests in wintry Norway.  My hopes were all
dead....they lay stark, chill, livid corpses...I looked at my love...which he had
created; it shivered in my heart, like a suffering child in a cold
cradle....

Before she leaves
Rochester, Jane decides she "must be ice and rock to him." Unfortunately, it is an icy
nature that Jane encounters after she leaves Rochester.  For, in Chapter 34 when  the
icy, reserved St. John proposes to Jane, she concludes that if she marries him she would
be

Always
restrained and always checked--forced to keep the fire of my nature continually low, to
compel it turn burn inwardly and never utter a cry....this would
be--unendurable.

Fire
also symbolizes cleansing.  After the fire that leaves Mr. Rochester a
widower but blind, his soul has been purged of its corruption as some critics perceive
Bertha as symbolic of what Jane's surrender to Rochester earlier could have brought
about.  A humbled, but better man it is that Jane can finally marry after the fire
destroys the mansion and Bertha.

It is interesting, too,
that the red room mentioned above as symbolic to the young Jane also reappears
significantly throughout the novel as Jane makes connections between how she felt in
that room with a current experience.  For instance, at Lowood School Jane recalls this
red room, a room of anger, fear, and anxiety, when she is humiliated by Mr.
Brocklehurst.  Also, she recalls this room on the night she decides to leave Mr.
Rochester after their marriage is foiled.  Here again red can represent fire, for only
after the fire at Thornfield does she rid herself of the haunting memory of the red
room.

The day after Mr. Rochester proposes to Jane
under the chestnut tree, this same tree is struck by lightning in the night.  This
splintered tree is symbolic of the split between Jane and
Rochester, and it also symbolizes Mr. Rochester himself after the fire as he tells Jane
he has no right to ask her to live with him since he is but a broken
man.

_______________________

Critics
also perceive Bertha Rochester as a symbol with regard to
Imperalistic Britain that "locks away" the other cultures that it has conquered.  Others
see Bertha as representative of the Victorian woman, who is trapped in her role as
homemaker and mother.  Her insanity serves as a warning to Jane to maintain her
independence.  Still others see Bertha as the id of Jane, the manifestation of her fiery
nature.  For, when Thornfield comes to represent a state of servitude, Bertha burns it
to the ground.  Since Jane often describes her nature as "fiery," and "a ridge of
lighted heath," Bertha is the manifestation, contend critics, of Jane's inner
self.

Which two countries were affected the most economically and demographic by the potato in the Columbian Exchange?

According to  href="http://daphne.palomar.edu/scrout/colexc.htm">Steven J. Crouthamel,
Professor and  Chair of American Indian and American Studies of Palomar College, the
Columbian Exchange is a concept that arose out of collaborative academic negotiation in
preparation for the "Quincentennial of Columbus' voyage to the Americas." The issue of
how to celebrate arose because of the concerns and protests resounding from within
Native American communities. The Columbian Exchange was developed as a way to look at
both the good and harmful effects on the Americas and the world of Columbus' voyage. One
of the top five academically agreed upon biological and cultural impacts was the potato
exchange.

According to the href="http://www.ihs.issaquah.wednet.edu/Teachers/petersen/European%20Studies/Textbook/Chapter%2020/Columbian%20Exchange%2020%204.pdf">The
Atlantic World resource for understanding the Columbian Exchange,
aside from corn, the most significant food exchanged from the Americas to Europe and
Asia was the href="http://daphne.palomar.edu/scrout/potato.htm">potato (The
Atlantic World includes the sweet potato introduced in Asia). The potato,
grown at high freezing altitudes by the Quechua people of the Andes, was well adapted
for cultivation in the northern climes and overworked soils of Europe. Most notably,
life in Ireland was altered by the potato cultivation. Similarly, life was as
dramatically changed in China by the introduction of the sweet potato. Academicians
regret that more varieties of the potato were not exchanged because, as Crouthamel says,
there were Peruvian varieties that were disease
resistant.

The introduction of the potato--and sweet
potato--had affects of great magnitude on economic and demographic concerns. Firstly, a
new agricultural industry was introduced, which led to greater economic opportunity
along with accumulation of wealth for people in the lower classes. Secondly, as pointed
out by Crouthamel, people in countries like Ireland, Poland, Holland, Germany, as well
as China (The Atlantic Monthly) had a new food source high in
vitamins and minerals. This seemingly trivial addition to the food supply kept many from
outright starvation, as Crouthamel points out, and strengthened the lower classes
physically, which led in Europe to the development of a viable labor force for the start
of the later industrial revolution.

Why did Cain kill Abel?What does the text mean when it says, "Sin is lurking at the door; its desire is for you, but you must master it?"

In Genesis 4, Cain is Abel's older brother.  He is put in
charge of the fields ("fruits of the soil") and Abel is put in charge of the
flocks.

It says in the text that while Cain brought "some
of the fruits of the soil" as an offering to the Lord, his brother, Abel, "brought fat
portions from some of the firstborn of his flock."  (Genesis 4, NIV)  Notice the
difference in the offerings.  Cain's is just an offering of something, he doesn't even
consider giving the Lord the best of the fruit, let alone the
first of the harvest.  Abel does both.  He gives the fattest of the
firstborn animals.

Cain's afterthought of a sacrifice shows
that he is not honoring God before everything else.  He is acting
selfishly.

Because of this, the Lord looks favorably on
Abel and therefore Cain is jealous.  When God says, "Sin is
lurking at the door; its desire is for you, but you must master it," he is telling Cain,
You have the opporunity to change your ways and win my favor - but you must
overcome the temptation to be jealous of your brother.  You must also offer me a
sacrifice that comes from your heart and shows me how much you love me more than
anything else in this world...

Instead of
heeding this advice, Cain kills his brother in jealousy and
rage.

How did the townspeople treat Miss Emily?

In "A Rose for Emily," the townspeople show her great
respect.  She has become a fixture that everyone is accustomed to, even in her
eccentricities. She has been around during the changing times and through several
generations.  In the "old days," she used to give china-painting lessons to the young
ladies when it was fashionable, though those days have long since passed when the
narrator tells us his story.

Years before, when Emily
refused to pay taxes, she insisted that she was granted exemption by a long-dead
dignitary (Colonel Sartoris) in town.  This is one instance where her separation from
the changing times is evident.  She is unaware that life outside the house has changed
so dramatically over the years, and so she refuses, year after year, to pay the taxes.
Whereas anyone else would probably have been forced to "pay up," Miss Emily is
not.

When representatives from the town visit to plead
their case for payment of her taxes, she puts them in their place, and they back off.  
Perhaps they do this out of respect, but also, perhaps, from a sense of fear, in that
she is so adamant.

Their regard for her place within
society is a carry-over from the "glory days" of the South, when a particularly
prominent family would be granted special favors or dispensations simply based upon
their elevated social standing.

When the smell starts to
creep out from the house, the townspeople have no clue how to proceed.  'You don't just
walk up to a lady and tell her to her face that she smells.'  Out of respect, some of
the men in town secretly get together one night and spread lime around the foundations
of the house.  Eventually, the smell does
disappear.

For many years, Miss Emily's privacy is
respected: people do not call. No one bothers her, and we sense that this is the way
she wants it. When she dies, the narrator describes her funeral:
the men come from a sense of that old-fashioned obligation described earlier, and the
women out of a morbid curiosity to see her house, a place where no one but her servant
Tobe has "trespassed" for so many years.

Perhaps her desire
to be removed from general society is now understandable.  It is only when she dies that
her secret is discovered, one that answers questions long left hanging...for those old
enough to remember the disappearance of Homer Baron, the dashing young man Emily had
been seen about town with on several occasions.  It is only then that they see not only
the "mummified" body of her old beau; if that is not enough, on the pillow next to his
head is a long grey hair, indicating that this woman--perceived by the townspeople as a
pillar of the community--has been...sleeping next to a dead body...and
recently, based on the color of the
hair...

Why do the elements of the same group have similar properties ?

We should be careful when defining "properties" - chemical
properties are probably the ones that an instructor would be taking into consideration.
By contrast, elements of the same group have very different numbers of protons, masses,
spectral lines, and abundances in the universe, so we cannot necessarily equate groups
with overall similarity among elements.

Chemical properties
generally refer to how we predict an element will react with other matter. Valence
electrons are the primary determinor of chemical reactions, and so we would expect atoms
with the same number of valence electrons to undergo the same kinds of reactions, such
as bonding with element X but not with Y, or releasing an electron in the presence of A
but not B. 

The connection here is that groups on the
periodic table are organized according to valence electrons; all elements in a group
have the same number of valence electrons. However, even here we have to be cautious
with generalizations; just because Hydrogen and Lithium have one valence electron
doesn't mean those electrons are the same, and will react the same. For example, the
higher the element number, the farther away the electron is. This will result in similar
reactions, but the strengths of those reactions will be considerably
different.

Contrast the girls' behavior in the garden and later on, at tea, in Joyce Cary's "Growing Up."

In Joyce Cary's short story, "Growing Up," the girls'
behavior changes so drastically in such a short time, that it's no wonder Quick has
trouble keeping up.

When he arrives home, Quick calls out
to his daughters who do not respond. They are in the back of the garden, listless and
unmoving. The next thing Quick knows, the girls are tormenting Snort, the dog, which
upsets him. As he moves to intervene, all of the sudden the girls are like screaming
banshees, chasing after him and falling on him as he sits in a garden chair. Jenny's
face is so vicious-looking that it frightens her father. Then she starts to strangle him
in earnest, and though he fights for breath, he is fearful that he might hurt their
delicate bones, the same ones that are cutting off his
air.

However, all of a sudden, the chair breaks. Out of
fear or because she was "pinched," the dog nips at Quick and breaks the skin on his
head. All at once, the girls' manner changes and they begin to order their father about
as they take upon themselves the task of seeing to the
cut.

Mrs. Quick comes home with her friend, and they look
at the other three as if they are children. However, Quick has seen something alarming
in the girls' faces and bahavior, and begins to feel as if he is no longer a part of
their lives. At tea, they behave with grace and tranquility that belies their earlier
actions. Quick decides he needs male company and makes for the club when tea is done.
However, Jenny follows him out, ostensibly to ask after his
cut.

Jenny is frowning over something, and a realization
comes to her, but she does not share it with him. She casually moves back towards the
house, and still puzzled, Quick goes on his way—certain that something vital has taken
place of which he is unaware.

What are some examples of irony in The Glass Castle?I need help find examples of irony in the Glass Castle.

One of the most common forms of situational irony in
literature is when children take on traditional adult roles.  This is ironic, of course,
because young children are expected to be dependent on the care, experience and wisdom
of the adults in their lives.

This is the ironic premise
that The Glass Castle is built on.  The main character, Jeanette,
and her 3 siblings, are subjected to what should be considered abuse and neglect by
their parents over and over again as young children.  Most often they are taking care of
their poor and crazy parents, making excuses for the lack of parenting, and watching out
for one another.  However, throughout the kids' lives, they never question whether this
is normal.  Likely they know they are different from other children - but never do they
consider their lives as bad.  In fact (further irony) the story is lightheartedly tragic
as they celebrate what would otherwise be considered child abuse as "adventures."  Also,
throughout the story, all the children love each other and their parents more than
anything in the world.  I think too that through such an unconventional upbringing, the
children eventually consider themselves better as a
result.

If you keep this in mind as the foundation for
irony in the novel, you can find specific examples to support it in absolutely every
chapter.

What relationship does the nation of Israel have to Jewish identity?

Right now, the nation of Israel is having something of a
dilemma about its relationship with the Jewish faith.  Specifically, the nation is
having to decide whether it is specifically a Jewish nation or whether it is a
democratic nation that happens to have a population that is mostly made up of
Jews.

Right now, the Israeli government is proposing a
change to the oath that new immigrants must swear.  They are proposing that the new
immigrants must swear allegiance to the "nation-state of the Jewish people."  This is
being interpreted as requiring people to acknowledge the idea that Israel is an
inherently Jewish state.  (See Reuters link...)

Under this
view, the relationship between Jewish identity and Israel is that Israel is a Jewish
state and that Jewish identity is an inalienable part of what Israel
is.

If you are talking about the importance of Israel to
Jewish identity, please look at the other link.  Traditionally, attachment to the idea
of Israel has been a major aspect of Jewish faith ("next year in Jerusalem" as a
traditional line at a Passover feast).  But lately, this has become somewhat more
problematic as Israel becomes increasingly Orthodox and its values become different from
those of many of the Diaspora.

Do you feel that the mother and daughter had a close relationship? ."I Stand Here Ironing" by Tillie Olsen

Tillie Olsen's story begins with one
line:

I stand
her ironing, and what you asked me moves tormented back and forth with the
iron.

The mother's act of
ironing is a metaphor for the remembrances and contemplations of the mother about her
life, her daughter's life, and her relationship with her daughter.  She goes back and
forth over the past, trying to understand this relationship.  The mother is unable to
account for "all that life that has happened outside me, beyond me."  For this reason,
she cannot "total it all."

Certainly, however, there has
been much to interfere with the mother/daughter relationship's being a close one.  For
one thing, poverty has forced the mother to place Emily in nurseries "that are only
parking places for children" and for a time in an orphanage, a circumstance shared by
many parents during the Depression.  So, as the mother
reflects,

readability="6">

"There is all that life that has happened outside
of me, beyond me."

In more
introspection, the mother notes that she did not smile enough at Emily even though she
performed acts of love: 

readability="5">

"What was in my face when I looked at her? I
loved her.  There were all the acts of
love."

The mother feels
guilty about the time Emily had measles when she left her to go to the hospital to have
her daughter Susan, especially because Emily did not get well.  Now, when she has the
time, the mother asks Emily, "Can I get you something?"  But, Emily tells her
no.

When the mother did try to have Emily released from the
orphanage, it took eight months, and Emily was very thin.  When the mother tried to hold
her and love her, Emily's body would stay stiff, and after a while she would push away. 
And, although Emily's mother worries about her, Emily is distant. Yet, although they are
not close, the mother does understand Emily; in addition, she has confidence in her
daughter:  She will find her way even though the mother's wisdom has come too late and
she is too distant.

While there is an ambivalence in the
mother's assessment of her parenting skills, and there is a distance beween her and
Emily, there is also no question of the mother's love for her daughter.  In a great act
of love, the mother has faith in her daughter:

she
is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the
iron.

How is Homer's Iliad is used in differents works of art and literature?

The influence of Homer's Iliad can be
found in numerous works of art and literature. A Greek tragedy entitled Rhesus
and ascribed to Euripides is based on Iliad 10. The
Latin epic, Vergil's Aeneid, owes much to Homer, especially in the
final half of that poem, which is sometimes called its Iliadic part. In Aeneid
7-12, Aeneas does many things which are modelled on the actions of Achilles,
especially Achilles killing of Hector in revenge for the death of Patroclus (compare
Aeneas' killing of Turnus in revenge for the death of Pallas). Aeneas also receives a
divinely-made shield, just as Achilles did. The Roman poet Statius also wrote an
Achilleid, which will have been influenced heavily by
Homer.

As for the world of art, numerous ancient Greek
vases paintings and modern painters depicted scenes from the Iliad,
such as the wrath of Achilles at Agamemnon (compare the paintings of Francois-Leon
Benouville and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo), the activities of Achilles while in his tent
and during his withdrawal from the war, as well as Achilles dragging Hector's body
around the walls of Troy.

Compare and contrast the culture and society of the two important Muslim cities, Istanbul and Isfahan.

Istanbul is actually a relatively diverse city,
religiously, both currently and throughout its history.  Even though it was the seat of
the Islamic Caliphate for nearly 400 years, the city always had thriving communities of
non-muslims.  Due to its size and importance, Istanbul also had a great deal of history
that remained influential as it was never conquered and destroyed the way that Isfahan
was in the 18th century which actually caused the capital status of the city to be moved
to Tehran.

Isfahan is also slightly less diverse,
particularly now, perhaps because of its location within the more homogeneous region of
Iran and in the midst of a non-secular culture.  The influence of Islam is huge in the
city, perhaps evidenced by the massive and beautiful mosques in the
city.

Compare/contrast and describe the use/meaning of nothing in "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" and "This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona".

In both stories, "A Clean Well-Lighted Place" (Hemingway)
and "This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona" (Alexie), the use of the word
nothing is minimal, not scattered
throughout. In Hemingway's story,
nothing is used liberally along with
its Spanish language counterpart nada
in one of Hemingway's more famous passages about "nada y pues nada y naday pues nada."

In Alexie's story, the first use of
nothing occurs in a flashback during
which the boyhood relationship between Victor and Thomas Builds-the-Fire is described
and during which Thomas tells a story--which isn't in a traditional Western civilization
form:

"Late at
night he sits in the dark. Watches the television until there's nothing but that white
noise. ..."

Alexie
uses
nothing here as a symbolic
representation of Victor's father's desire to run and hide. Presumably, this desire,
compelled by fear of his family and Victor, is the product of his knowledge of his weak
heart.

In Hemingway's story, the first use of
nothing occurs at the very beginning
when the younger waiter tell the older waiter that "Last week" the deaf, old man
customer "tried to commit suicide." When asked by the older waiter what the old man was
in "despair" about, the younger waiter replies, "Nothing," to which the other responds
with the query, "How do you know it was nothing?" Hemingway uses
nothing here (1) as an introduction to his theme
asking what constitutes and how to attain meaning and (2) to set up a juxtaposed
antithesis to his understanding about meaning via the younger waiter's unreasoned
response: "He has plenty of money," whereby the reader knows what does not
constitute meaning and what is therefore the first true instance of something
being
nothing.

The
meaning of
nothing in Alexie's story and in
Hemingway's story takes on differing aspects. In Alexie's story, the meaning is revealed
in the last instance of usage of the word. Victor and Thomas both wish to throw the
ashes into the waterfall at Spokane. Victor expects it will be like "letting things go
after they've stopped having any use." Thomas knows though that disposing of the ashes
at the falls will be like creating a salmon to jump over him and swim back home. Thomas
therefore replies to Victor by saying, "Nothing stops, cousin ... Nothing stops."
Therefore, the "white noise" that the father thought was
nothing, a place to run to and hide in, was really the
something of his fears and escape. "Nothing stops" can
signify the perpetuity of the bad in us and the good in us. Thomas closes the sad saga
of Victor's anger and loss by promising the perpetuity of the good in Victor's father
and therefore the perpetuity of good for Victor because his father will "find his way
home."

In Hemingway's story, the
meaning of
nothing is revealed in the old
waiter's soliloquy, his "nada y pues nada" speech. He makes Hemingway's thematic point
that personal dignity and human meaning in life is hard to attain because everything
that is purported as contributing to meaning is in fact nothing after all. The shocking
Great War had proved to many tattered hearts and minds that all, even man, had become as
nothing. Light and a clean and pleasant place, as the old waiter points out, helps to
foster some feeling of dignity despite the "nothingness." In the shadow of the vast
scope of nothing as described in the
nada speech, Hemingway asks what
constitutes and how is a man (humanity) to attain meaning.

What is the meaning of Langbaum's quote, "dramatic monologue is in disequilibrium with what the speaker reveals and understands"?Please discuss...

As discussed by Glennis Byron in title="Dramatic Monologue by Glennis Byron. Page 15."
href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5TKGnF2tU0C&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=dramatic+monologue+is+in+disequilibrium&source=bl&ots=O9ZdGJTmit&sig=V_B8bhsb4_mlLOkLtPtjHKnx1c4&hl=en&ei=OISiTPywAcOB8gbKubGlAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=dramatic%20monologue%20is%20in%20disequilibrium&f=false">Dramatic
Monologue, Robert Langbaum in 1957 said "the meaning of the
dramatic monologue is in disequilibrium with what the speaker reveals and understands.
... we understand, if not more, at least something other than the speaker understands."
Byron explains that what this means is that the reader distinguishes two distinct
voices, the poetic speaker and the poet, thus creating a disequilibrium in the
monologue, which, since two voices are recognized, is not a monologue after all. The
poet can be recognized most readily in the poetic structure and in the
diction.

The poetic speaker is revealed in the narrative
s/he is involved in. In "Porphyria's Lover," the speaker reveals the doubts and
hesitations of love stolen in secret and the desperate lover's macabre solution. What
the speaker doesn't understand--understand in the sense that meta-fiction reveals poetic
self-consciousness--is that there is a larger structure from within which s/he speaks.
Yet the reader is fully aware of the larger structure, in fact, the reader is first
aware of the larger structure while being equally aware of the speaker and the speaker's
story.

For instance, in "Porphyria's Lover" the reader
knows about the poet through the iambic pentameter that has an a b a b
b etc. rhyme scheme with an ending couplet, while in diction, the poet
employs elision to pare words down for a fit with the meter (e.g., "o're" and "soil'd"
and "look'd"). In "Telephone Conversation" the poet's voice underlies the poetic
speaker's voice and is opened to the reader's knowledge also through structure and the
treatment of diction.

The structure is free verse with no
particular metrical pattern, but there is a cadence built from two contrasting accents
that don't match in individual cadence: (1) “Madam,” I warned, / “I hate a wasted
journey—I am African” in contrast with (2) "ARE YOU DARK? OR VERY LIGHT?" There is no
traditional rhyme scheme but there is the repetition of vowel or consonant sounds at the
end of lines as in "rolled" and "foully" and "lived," "remained," "warned." As for
diction, specific words and phrases are in all capital letters, a stylistic choice that
directly announces the presence of a controlling poet behind the poetic speaker's
narrative.

Again, poetic structure and diction reveal a
voice in the dramatic monologue that is a voice other than the poetic speaker's voice
and that creates disequilibrium in which the reader knows what the speaker doesn't know
about the poet's poetic presence.

Catcher in the Rye Presentation ProjectI have a project for my final project, this is worth the most marks. We have to make a 10 minute...

There are many approaches that can be taken to this topic
and presentation.  Obviously, you have or would have written the paper on this thesis
and once that is done, you can choose a variety of ways to present it.  The first
element is that you have to make sure what is suggested here is concurrent with what
your instructor is allowing you to do.  If you read of a suggestion here that you like,
check it with the task and your instructor's requirements.  If you wanted to go with a
traditional presentation, you could compose a posterboard with some of the images and
symbols that you identified in your paper which strongly suggest Holden being the
protector of innocence.  Your presentation would be the actual posterboard and talking
about what is on it, why it is there, and its significance.  Another idea that is
similar to this is called, "Character Backpack," where you "pack" a backpack for Holden
of the symbols and images that he would consider to be representative of his protection
of innocence.  If you went with this, you could actually "be" Holden and present your
backpack, "as him."  You would be speaking in his voice, reflecting his clothes, and
mannerisms, and "being" him for ten minutes.  This would be cool if you were able to get
into it and pull it off.  Another option would be to compose a CD or a playlist of songs
that represent the ideas in your thesis.  You could create your own CD cover and inset
for lyrics to songs and explanation behind them.  Finally, if you can use computer
technology, creation of a Powerpoint slide show, or an online medium such as a glog (Go
to glogster.edu for help), a blog (I would go to blogger.com), or a Prezi (go to
prezi.com) could be online forums that can help you display information.  Then you would
be able to use your creation in your presentation.

How did Christopher Columbus' voyages affect Europe?

I would say the Columbus' voyages had a direct impact on
Europe in that it helped to bring out the idea that the Age of Exploration can morph
into the Age of Exploitation quite easily.  The Columbian Exchange would be the primary
example that I could cite to help explain how Europe was directly impacted through
Columbus' voyages.  Once Europeans were able to see how Columbus was able to bring back
rarities and valuable commodities such as food, knowledge, and people in the form of
slaves, the door was swung wide open for nations in Europe to be able to see exploration
as a way of being able to take advantage of indigenous people as Columbus did.  This
ended up increasing more exploration throughout the world and increasing European
profits as a result.

A line is tangent to the curve y=5x^2+1, in a point x=1. What is the equation of tangent line.

The tangent line in a point is the derivative of a
function in that point.

The equation of the tangent line,
in the point x = 1 is:

y - f(1) =
f'(1)(x-1)

We'll calculate f(1), by substituting x by 1 in
the expression of the function:

f(1) = 5*1^2 +
1

f(1) = 5 + 1

f(1) =
6

To calculate f'(1), first we'll have to differentiate the
given function:

f'(x) = (5x^2 +
1)'

f'(x) = 10x

Now, we'll
substitute x by 1 in the expression of the first
derivative:

f'(1) = 10

Now,
we'll substitute f(1) and f'(1) in the expression of the equation of the tangent
line:

y - f(1) = f'(1)(x-1)

y
- 6 = 10(x - 1)

We'll remove the
brackets:

y - 6 = 10x -
10

We'll add 6 both sides:

y =
10x - 10 + 6

y = 10x -
4

The equation of the tangent line, to the
curve y = 5x^2 + 1, is:

y =
10x - 4

In "The Open Window," what makes Mr. Nuttel especially susceptible to Vera's story?

We are told lots of information about Mr. Framton Nuttel
in the first few paragraphs that explain his susceptibility to Vera's storytelling
genius. We know that he is visiting the countryside as part of a "rural retreat" because
he is trying to undergo a "nerve cure". He is only visiting the Sappleton family because
his sister has insisted on arranging invitations for
him:

"I know
how it will be," his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural
retreat; "you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your
nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters
of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember,
were quite nice."

Clearly,
although we are given no details about the specifics of his "nervous condition", Framton
Nuttel is a jittery, nervous and shy character. What is key to appreciate is that Vera
is able to read him very accurately and very quickly, assessing his susceptibility to
her story telling. In a sense, she establishes that he is like an "open window", in that
he is so gullible that she can feel free to have some fun with him. It is this that
makes him vulnerable to someone like Vera.

How does "Porphyria's Lover" reflect the prudish "Victorian attitudes" of the time?

Browning has written several dramatic monologues in which
the persona is mentally disturbed (My Last Duchess, etc.) This is
another one in which the speaker is obviously not of sound mind. During Victorian times,
“tableaux vivant” was a popular art form and many believe that Browning was trying to
recreate this art form through his poetry. “Tableaux vivant” means “living picture” in
French and in this art form, human beings, usually artists’ models, were costumed, posed
and put on display as a kind of living painting. Victorian writers were quite interested
in this art form and made many attempts to transfer the concept to their
writing.

As far as the prudish aspects of the Victorian
period that show up in this work, first of all, the speaker is obviously a man, and he
is sitting in his cottage alone. It is cold and rainy outside, but he has let the fire
go out. As soon as Porphyria comes in, she immediately notices this and sets to work to
get the fire going, like a good Victorian woman:

readability="8">

She shut the cold out and the storm, And kneeled
and made the cheerless grate Blaze up, and all the cottage
warm;

She tries to engage the
man in conversation, but he is brooding, so she tries to love
him:

And,
stooping, made my cheek lie there, And spread, o'er all, her yellow
hair,

He is like the speaker
in Browning’s My Last Duchess – he is a obsessive and possessing,
and wants to possess Porphyria. Her love, though, is not enough to cure him from
whatever is wrong with him. He calls her “weak” – illustrating the popular Victorian
idea that women were the weaker sex: 

readability="12">

she, Too weak, for all her heart's endeavor,To
set its struggling passion free, From pride, and vainer ties dissever, And give herself
to me forever.

When he looks
at her, though, he surmises that she does indeed love him – but he desires more. He
wants her to worship him:

readability="5">

at last I knew Porphyria worshiped
me:

When he realizes she
worships him, he wants to keep this moment forever. He wants the scene to be a permanent
work of art:

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That moment she was mine, mine, fair, Perfectly
pure and good:

And after he
kills her, it is HE who is in charge. It is now HE who places her head on HIS
shoulder.

I
propped her head up as before, Only, this time my shoulder bore, Her head, which droops
upon it still:

Pretty macho,
pretty Victorian, pretty sick, wouldn’t you say?

How does Evelyn Waugh portray the disintegration of the Last family in London and Hetton ?

Tony and Brenda are a married couple who have completely
opposing goals and desires for their futures. But their differing desires (Tony wishing
for the quiet life on their enormous country estate, Brenda wishing for a more lively
social existence in London) are also a metaphorical representation of changing ways of
life in England at the time. The life of the aristocrats in the countryside is beginning
to be seen as archaic and old-fashioned, and Brenda's grudging affection towards Tony is
portrayed as a kind of boredom.

What is the significance of the line in Othello in Act V scene ii " Cold, cold, my girl, Even like thy chastity."?

Earlier in the play (Act 3, scene 4) , when Othello asks
for Desdemona's hand, he takes it and says,

readability="10">

Hot, hot, and moist--this hand of yours
requires

A sequester from liberty, fasting and prayer . .
.

In this quotation, Othello
equates Desdemona's supposed licentious behavior with Cassio to heat and fire.  Her hand
is a "young and sweating devil."  Heat is a metaphor for sexual incontinence, infidelity
in marriage, looseness.

Here in Act 5, though, Othello
touches Desdemona's literally cold body.  He realizes that Desdemona was not a
promiscuous woman, that she was always true to him and thus her coldness is a metaphor
for her purity.  Othello is praising Desdemona; I don't think he believes that she was
frigid, or sexually unresponsive to him, as coldness commonly means
today.

In Hamlet, Shakespeare also
equates chastity or faithfulness to coldness when Hamlet tells Ophelia that "were she as
chaste as ice" she would not escape calumny.

Help with a geometry word problem! Triangle Side lengths! Suppose a chair has a seat that's an isosceles triangle and the congruent sides measure...

If you have stated the question properly, then all you
have to remember is that congruent triangles have both sides and angles that are
congruent.  This is as opposed to similar triangles that have congruent angles, but not
necessarily sides.

If these two triangles are congruent,
they both have the same side lengths and the same total perimeter.   Given that, we can
see that the sides of the second triangle (and the first) are 1.5 feet, 1.5 feet and 2.1
feet.

The reason for this is that the perimeter of a
triangle is the sum of all its sides.  We know that two of the sides are 1.5 feet each. 
Those two sides, then, come out to 3.0 feet in length.  If the perimeter of the whole
triangle is 5.1 feet, then the remaining side must be 2.1 feet.

How significant is the title?

From the title, readers learn that George is the lover who
jilted Granny when she was young. Obviously her memory of him is acute because she felt
publicly humiliated by this desertion on her actual wedding day. Her concern with George
indicates first of all her sensitivity and inability to forget the deep pain (paragraphs
49, 61), but it also indicates her sense of recovery and self worth, inasmuch as she
wishes that George be told (paragraphs 42, 56) that she got along well without
him.Throughout the story the jilting, and the parallels between the earthly and heavenly
bridegroom, are linked in Granny’s mind (see especially paragraph 61). The metaphor of
Jesus as a bridegroom is established in various New Testament passages. That the
bridegroom appears on neither her wedding nor her death days is, with this linking, an
extreme disappointment—both an earthly and a spiritual jilting—especially because a
priest is present in the house on both occasions to witness the pain and embarrassment
of her humiliation.

In "The Listeners" Mare had said after he'd published the poem that the "Traveller" is the ghost, could you please add this in?.It would add a...

Indeed, I could see that the traveller is the ghost.  I
could also see it as the speaker being someone who is enduring a complex set of
emotions.  For example, perhaps the speaker is someone who is attempting to resurrect
emotional connections that were severed for a great deal of time.  The fact that the
speaker feels a bit uncomfortable being there and the declaration at the end of "Tell
them I came" and "I kept my word" could help to lend credence to this.  At the same
time, it seems as if the speaker is knocking on a door that is locked in both literal
and figurative terms.  I think that an interesting case could be made to describing
someone who used to live there, but someone who left and, after a long time, is
attempting to reestablish connection.  It might also be an individual who is being
forced to face a part of life that had been silenced for a
while.

What was the extent of the Ottoman Empire?

At various points throughout its millennium-long history,
the Ottoman Empire controlled vast areas of territory.  The Ottoman Empire reached its
greatest westward extent in the seventeenth century.  In 1683, the Ottomans laid siege
to the city of Vienna.  Though they were ultimately unsuccessful, the fact they did so
serves as testament to their influence and power in European affairs.  Until 1571 at the
Battle of Lepanto, the Ottoman Empire enjoyed considerable influence on the eastern half
of the Mediterranean Sea.  After these two defeats, the power and influence of the
Ottoman Empire began to wane in the west. 

It would take
somewhat longer for the Ottoman Empire's power to decrease in the east and in the
south.  Rather than there being very decisive battles that crippled the Ottomans, there
were a number of smaller engagements over the span of years, resulting in a series of
defeats that began to eat away at Ottoman control.  It was not until the end of the
First World War that the Ottoman Empire crumbled. 

At its
highest point during the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Ottoman Empire
spanned from Eastern Europe in the West, to Egypt in the South, and to Central Asia in
the East.  At no other point in its history did the Ottoman Empire control as
much territory and enjoy as much influence as they did during this 175-year
period. 

There are 9 members on a board of directors. They must form a subcommittee of 5 members. How many different subcommittees are...

The combination of 'n' numbers of object taken 'r' at a
time is represented by the mathematical
symbol:

nCr

This
can be calculated for any value of n and r
as:

nCr =
(nPr)/(rPr)

Where
nPr is the number of permutations of n things taken r at a time. This can be calculated
for any value of n and r
as:

nPr = (n)*(n - 1)*(n - 2)*
... *(n - r +1)

Substituting given values of n and r in the
formula for combination we get:

Number of possible
different subcommittees = nCr =
9C5

=
(9P5)/(5P5)

=
(9*8*7*6*5)/(5*4*3*2*1)

= 15120/120 =
126

Answer:

126 different
subcommittees are possible.

What are some examples of Beowulf being a good hero in Beowulf?

Isn't every hero a good hero?  That being the case, I
think, here are a few ways Beowulf is a hero:

1. He
   is self-less.  Beowulf crosses the waters to go help someone he's never met and has no
   real connection to but is in need.  It's simple--he knows he can
   help, so he does.


2. He is brave.  When
   he faces all three monsters in this epic, he does so
   fearlessly.


3. He is honorable.  He takes on Grendel without
   any weapons because that's how Grendel fights.  Hard to believe he feels a sense of
   honor even when fighting a monster that has no remorse about killing himans on a regular
   basis. But he does.


4. He is quick to give others honor. 
   Despite his rather, shall we say, strong sense of his own accomplishments, Beowulf still
   honors others.  He mourns for the soldier he lost, he honors Hygelac with some of the
   treasure he received from Hrothgar, and he is even gracious to the man who insulted him,
   Unferth.

This should get you started.  Think of
all the heroic figures in real life, in TV and movies, as well as the classic comic book
heroes such as Superman; then make a list of all their positive traits.  Bet you'll find
even more heroic characteristics for Beowulf.  Happy searching!

How does Romeo change from the start of Act I to the end?

Since Romeo has only three days in which to effect any
personality change, little happens within him.  For the most part, he remains
impetuous, emotionally involved with fate--

readability="9">

Some consequence, yet hanging in the
stars,

Shall bitterly begin his fearful
date...(1.4.13)

and later,
yet feeling the control of fate in his life, he declares, "Then I defy you,
stars!"(5.1.24)--and idealistically in love.  Perhaps the only change in Romeo is the
alteration of his attitude toward the Capulets: While he has hated them as a true
Montague should since the families have long been involved in a vendetta, after having
married Juliet, Romeo softened in his feelings toward the Capulets.  His profession of
love to Tybalt in Act III--

          I do protest I never
injured thee,

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But love thee better than thou canst
devise

Till thou shalt know the reason of my
love.

And so, good Capulet--which name I
tender

As dearly as mine own--be satisfied.
(3.1.68-71)

--attests to
this.

Still, there is some modification in Romeo's
personality. Prior to his secret marriage to Juliet, Romeo was known as a rather
reasonable young man.  But, his reactionary slaying of Tybalt in Act III, along with
his rash murdering of anyone who enters Juliet's tomb indicates that in his desperate
love for Juliet, Romeo lost his reasonableness.  Truly, in Romeo, "The violent delights
have violent ends." 

What is Shakespeare's impersonality in the art of characterization ?

The first thing to acknowledge when observing that there
is an impersonality to the art of Shakespeare's characterizations is that you could and
should say this about any good dramatist.  A work of drama differs from a novel, and a
major way in which it differs is how the story is told.

In
a novel, there is always a narrative point of view -- first person, second personal,
third person -- through which the story is told.  This makes the work feel "personal,"
especially if it is written in the first person.  Those reading a novel critically often
look for the point of view to give them information about the writer's own point of
view, sometimes noticing that this or that character seems to "represent" the author's
viewpoint.

In a play, the author must create all characters
with equal fullness.  There is, to be sure, a protagonist, but, the play is not told
from that character's point of view.  So, in drama, there is no narrative
mode to give the reader (or audience member) a link to the author's
personal perspective. Shakespeare was certainly a master of creating all his characters
with equal fullness.

Another reason that we should regard
Shakespeare as an impersonal writer is the simple fact that we know so few real facts
about his life.  There has been tons of speculation, in fact, that these plays were
written by someone else altogether.  It is hard to be very analytical about the
relationship between the author's personal point of view and the characterizations in
his work if we can't even agree who the author, in fact,
is.

So, whether you are considering that plays always
present an impersonal point of view, or you note the few facts (and authorship
controversy) about his life, Shakespeare's plays must be noted as impersonal in their
characterizations.

What is the main setting of The Good Earth, and why is it significant?

The setting in The Good Earth is not
specifically named in the novel, but the reader does know that the story mainly takes
place in rural China on Wang Lung's farm.  The plot of land seems to have been in Wang
Lung's family for some time because Wang Lung has a particular affinity for his land. 
The farm must be in central or northern China because later in the story, the family
must "go south" to the city to avoid starving on the failing land.  Once Wang Lung
becomes wealthy, he buys the land on which the former House of Hwang sits, and he moves
his family from the farm into the big house.  But Wang Lung still goes to his farm to
oversee the work there, so it must be nearby.

The setting
of the story that revolves around Wang Lung's farm is significant to the story because
the land serves as a symbol for Wang Lung's beliefs in hard work and independence.  Even
when times are tough, he vows to never sell his land because he believes that his land
is the foundation of his identity.  When the family starts to have trouble and his sons
persuade him to sell land, the reader understands the extent of Wang Lung's internal
conflict because the land is so important to him.

Why do you think Gibson chose the particular way to end Act 2 of The Miracle Worker?William Gibson ends Act 2 with Annie singing a lullaby to...

It's an interesting way to end Act II, isn't it?  In
regards to the reasoning behind why it's done this way, I think Gibson wants us to focus
on two things:

• Annie's progression of feeling
  towards Helen


• The Keller family's progression of feeling
  towards Annie & Helen

Both sets of
progression are the same:  dislike to admiration, and even
love.

It's an interesting start to this episode as well. 
Annie is exhausted after using Percy to teach Helen late at night.  Annie has just
realized, and imparts to Helen that "all I have to teach you is--one word. 
Everything."  This is when Annie picks up the doll that causes such an issue previously,
sits down, dons her glasses, and sings a very famous lullaby called "Hush Little
Baby."

Note the progression of feeling here (especially in
regards to the quotes).  Annie begins with the doll by whispering "to it in
mock solicitude."  Moments later, Annie "lays it against her
shoulder, and begins rocking with it, ... she talks the lullaby to it, humorously at
first."  Further, Annie notes that, "the rhythm of the rocking
takes her into the tune, softly, and more
tenderly."

The progression is absolutely
amazing!  She begins by mocking and ends with complete tenderness.  This scene
corresponds exactly with Annie's feelings towards Helen.  Annie begins by mocking ("oh,
not the drawers!") and ends with Tenderness ("Jealous are you?  All right, ...") 
Point-blank, Annie is beginning to teach Helen "everything."  Often I like to go even
further about this subject and say that Helen's feelings are progressing in the same way
towards Annie:  from mocking by hiding the key to tenderly (and obediently) holding her
hand out to learn new words.

In regards to what is
happening with the family at this same moment, James, Keller, and Kate all stand
"moveless" while each of them stop and "turned his/her head, as if hearing."  Quite
simply, the family notices this change in Annie.  The family notices this change in
Helen, too.  This is another reason why the act ends this way.  Remember the disarray
when Annie first arrives!  Now look at how far Helen has come!  The family too is
approaching tenderness towards this amazing teacher,
Annie.

Let's talk about the love growing here, then.  Annie
is feeling tenderness and love for Helen.  Helen is feeling tenderness and love for
Annie.  The family is feeling tenderness and love towards Annie.  And yes, the family is
even feeling more tenderness and love for Helen, herself.

What is the difference between cartilage and bones?

Cartilage and bone are stiff tissues which form the
essential structural form of animals. Though both of them serve many common functions
they are also different in many ways.

Cartilage consists of
cells called chondrocyte, and materials produced by the chondrocytes called collagen and
elastin fibers. Bones are made of a bodily tissue called osseous tissue and instead of
collagen as in cartilage bones are made up of calcium compounds. Bones also contain
centers for production of cells and storage of minerals. Cartilage is the slowest tissue
to grow and if damaged repairs itself at the slowest rate.

In Chapter 20 of The Scarlet Letter, how does Dimmesdale change in terms of Hawthorne's theme contrasting hidden sin versus revealed sin?The...

After the minister's clandestine meeting with Hester in
the forest, Hester has convinced him that they must leave the colony and return to
England where they can live together as a family.  Arthur Dimmesdale departs, looking
backward, uncertain of what he has truly experienced.  With the quandary of public
hypocrisy and private suffering seemingly solved now, Dimmesdale's mind is free to
consider other possibilities, and, like a child released from rules, his spirit feels a
sense of release.  He considers that he yet has time to give the Election Sermon,
deceiving himself that the townspeople will at least say he performed his duties to the
end.  Having held his sin within his heart so long, Dimmesdale has become delusional. 
Of this Hawthorne significantly writes,

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No man, for any considerable period, can wear
one face to himself, and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as
to which may be the true.

A
transformation, however, does come over the spirit of Dimmesdale in his sense of release
from his secret sin, as he feels that he has "flung down" his sin like "a cast-off
garment."  Describing this sense of release in Dimmesdale, as "a revolution in the
sphere of thought and feeling," Hawthorne portrays Dimmesdale as incited to commit
"wild, wicked things" as an outlet to having held so long his secret guilt. Like Peter,
who denies his Lord three times, Dimmesdale commits three acts of wickedness. Yet, these
great temptations and his conversation with Mistress Gibbins cause the minister to
return to his thoughts that he is a powerless victim of fate and must bear his cross of
guilt and sin:

readability="10">

Tempted by a dream of happiness, he had yielded
himself, with deliberate choice, as he had never done before, to what he knew was deadly
sin. 

Realizing the great
evil of his hypocrisy in concealing his sin for so long, Dimmesdale pulls back from his
feelings of release in the forest with Hester; and, as he feels fate directing him
more,

readability="6">

...Another man had returned out of the
forest...with a knowledge of hidden mysteries which the simplicity of the former never
could have reached.  A bitter kind of knowledge
that!

When he enters his
house, Chillingworth greets him, but realizes that the minister no longer trusts him. 
Speaking of his forthcoming sermon, Chillingworth suggests that he give the minister
medication, but Dimmesdale, sensing a looming fate that he must be punished for his sin,
refuses him and, instead, speaks of going to "another world."