Does the US system reflect the principle of political equality?Political Equality: the principle which means that each person carries equal weight...

[I have edited your question because we are not supposed
to answer more than one question at a time.]

First of all,
I'd argue a bit with your definition of political equality.  I do not think that every
person has to have equal weight in political decision making.  They just have to have
the chance to have equal weight.  In other words, I have much less say in the country's
affairs than Harry Reid does, but I could conceivably become a Senator if I wanted
to.

I think that we do have political equality, but it is
not perfect.  We do all have the right to vote and our votes count more or less
equally.  In that sense, we do have political
equality.

However, you can argue that we do not have
complete political equality because of the extent to which money talks in our system.  A
person with a lot of money can buy access to political decision makers and can pay for
ads proclaiming their point of view.  These people, then, have more potential power than
I would have no matter how much I wanted to influence the
system.