I assume that you are asking about Guns, Germs
and Steel because you tagged your question with that and because Diamond
talks about writing systems in his book. I have edited your question and moved it to
reflect that.
The first answer does not refer to what
Diamond is talking about and is also factually incorrect. It talks only about the
Chinese writing system whereas Diamond uses the term "Eurasian" to mean anything on the
continents of Europe and Asia. So both Chinese characters and the Greek alphabet are
Eurasian in his terms. As you can see on p. 217 of the book (early Chapter 12), not all
Eurasian languages used alphabets, so that is not really a difference between Eurasian
languages as a group and others.
The only thing I know of
in Diamond's book that suggests that writing systems developed differently can be found
on p. 360 (middle of Chapter 18). There, Diamond says that Eurasian civilizations
tended to have relatively large groups of people who were literate. This meant that
they had an advantage over the people of the rest of the world. In the rest of the
world, (Mesoamerica, for example) only a small elite were literate, he
says.
Diamond says, then, that the major difference was
that writing became more widespread in Eurasia than it did elsewhere. This gave
Eurasians an advantage because their population was more educated and more able to
innovate because of it.
As you can see at the PBS link, the
Eurasians' advantage was partly due to their geography which allowed writing systems to
spread easily (just as crops were able to spread more easily in Eurasia, according to
Diamond).
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