As readers follow Pip over the course of over twenty
years, they see him experience and learn many things. I think the most important
lesson, though, is one which takes Pip much of the novel to
understand.
In Great Expectations,
Dickens makes clear--and even exaggerates--the differences in social class in Pip's
society. As the novel opens, readers meet a young Pip, who is being raised by his
sister and her husband, Joe, a blacksmith. As Pip does not know any other way of life,
he does not see anything wrong with the life his family leads. However, as soon as he
meets Estella, he becomes aware of her beauty and sophistication--characteristics that
drive Estella to point out Pip's "commonness."
When Pip leaves Miss Havisham's
for the first time, he feels his own perception of himself is permanently
changed:
I
set off on the four-mile walk to our forge, wondering, as I went along, on all I had
seen, and deeply revolving that I was a common labouring-boy; that my hands were coarse;
that my boots were thick; that I had fallen into a despicable habit of calling knaves
jacks; that I was much more ignorant than I had considered myself last night; and
generally that I was in a low-lived bad
way.
From this point on,
Pip's obsession with "elevating" himself from his social class becomes central in the
novel, as Pip feels that achieving this goal will get him
Estella.
As lynnebh notes, most of the characters with
whom Pip desires to keep company are not at all deserving of such attention. Further,
Pip alienates and disrespects good people like Joe and Biddy, and Pip's utter disgust
upon learning that the convict, not Miss Havisham, is his benefactor marks one of the
most heartbreaking scenes in the novel to readers.
(As an
aside, it's important to note ways in which Dickens creates exaggerated caricatures to
show the ridiculousness of people's obsession with money and the value they place in
it. Miss Havisham is a complete mess, but her money brings her attention from family
members and nosy neighbors who want to know her. Similarly, Mrs. Pocket, a woman who is
obsessed with "titles" and claims to be "almost" royalty, is completely and utterly
incapable of performing the most basic tasks, such as looking after her own
children.)
It isn't until close to the end of the novel
that Pip finally realizes the implications of his own behavior. He recognizes that he
has wronged many people, and finally learns how to love people no matter what their
social status is. And finally, he realizes that a person's social status does not
dictate his or her worth as a person.
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