The quick answer to this is that agricultural societies
allow more people to live together in relatively small areas. Agriculture allows for
more food production and that allows people to live in cities and for some people to do
things other than farm.
Once you have a situation where not
everyone has to farm, you can have some of the proximate causes. You can have political
organization and writing because the cities need governments and they need writing to
keep track of how much is produced and of what the laws are and such. You can have guns
and steel and ships because people can learn how to make those instead of just
farming.
You also get the epidemic diseases because those
come from people living in close proximity to farm animals.
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