It sounds to me like you are asking for the major aspects
of what makes up all human language. Obviously you understand many languages are used by
humans, so we need to identify what makes them similar.
1.
Human language has sound. A study of linguistics will teach
you that these different sounds are phonetic pieces of
words.
2. Human language has semantic
meaning. Each language has either characters, letters, or images that
represent meanings. Each small piece (in English these are roots and affixes) when
combined with other small pieces contribute to a new meaning of a
word.
3. Human language serves the purpose of
communication among people. People who live near each other
must articulate their ideas to one another to co-exist, otherwise they would struggle
with relationships and the ability to cooperate with each other. Language is agreed upon
sets of rules and meanings of word parts for the entire purpose of
communication.
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