How did the federal government respond to the economic issues of tariffs, trusts, and railroads in the late 1800s?

Tariffs, or taxes on imported goods, have been used by the
government since the 1700’s to help American businesses.  A tariff would make foreign
made goods more expensive so people would buy American made goods.  Between 1865 and
1900, a debate raged whether tariffs were good or bad for the country.  Some argued they
were good since they helped American businesses, while others argued that they were bad
because they raised prices on goods purchased by American consumers.  This debate was
reflected in the fact that in the late 1800’s the tariff was continually raised and then
lowered again and again.

In the late 1800’s, large
corporations such as Standard Oil Company, led by John D. Rockefeller, were established
and these companies began to form “trusts”.  Trusts were a type of business
consolidation common in the 1880’s and 1890’s where businesses came together under the
direction of a board of trustees to operate as one giant corporation.  This was used
specifically to create monopolies to reduce competition which could hurt the American
consumer.  Railroads in particular began to use business practices that hurt consumers,
and especially small farmers who would have to ship their produce to market by rail. 
Railroads gave large shippers rebates, or illegal kickbacks, and these railroads also
began to form “pools” to reduce competition.  In the late 1800’s, the government began
to react to these types of business practices.  Its first target was the railroads.  The
government passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 to regulate railroad rates.  This
law also established the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee this law.  Then, in
1890, the government passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act which banned trusts or other
business organizations that restricted interstate commerce.

What is the function of a book gill & how does it work?

Book gillls are found in horseshoe crabs. They are
external and there are five pairs of them. They are flap-like appendages and their
function is to absorb oxygen from the water. They can also be used for locomotion in
young.The book gills resemble a book because each appendage contains several thin
leaf-like membranes called lamellae, which are like pages in a book. These thin
membranes are for respiration and gas exchange. As long as they remain moist, the
horseshoe crab can venture out of the water for periods of time and still be able to
survive.

Is it safe to let a person with a concussion go to sleep??

A concussion is a mild head injury secondary to blunt
force trauma. The brain sustains a mild jarring when the brain tissue comes into contact
with the interior of the cranial vault.

All head injury
patients should receive a proper physical exam and if warranted a CT (computed
tomography, cat scan) of the brain. Whether or not to perform the CT scan is decided by
the examining physician. To answer your question I will assume that the person has been
examined by a physician and a correct diagnosis has been made. If this is the case, then
yes, it is perfectly acceptable to allow the person to go to sleep and actually sleeping
will speed recovery time.

Years ago it was accepted that
you should keep the patient awake to continuosly assess their neurological status.
Present day standards of care reject this theory if serious head injury has been ruled
out by a qualified physician.

What are some representations of IDENTITY in the novella "Of Mice and Men"?I know there are representations of class, gender, race, handicapped...

The most important aspects of identity are related to
social class and animal symbolism (anthropomorphism).  Steinbeck sets up a
social class hierarchy on the ranch based on the white male's work
status:

THE RULING CLASS:

1.
 The Boss

2.  Curley

THE
WORKING CLASS:

3.  Slim

4.
 Carlson, Whit

5.  George / Lennie (Lennie is in two
classes, really.  He does the work of two men in the fields, but in the bunkhouse, he's
like a child)

THE
UNDERCLASS:

6.  Candy (old, missing
hand)

7.  Lennie (mentally
disabled)

8.  Curley's wife (a woman in a man's
world)

THE OUTCAST:

9.  Crooks
(lives alone because of his race)

In terms of
animal symbolism, here are the
connections:

Lennie: identified as a bear early by the size
of his hands.  Also connected to mice and puppies (which he kills).  Later, dreams of
tending rabbits.  Thinks he sees a giant rabbit, symbolic of his Id, or pleasure
principal.

George: not identified with much animal
symbolism, but he's small and crafty (fox?).

Slim:
identified by the team of horses he drives.  A leader.  The hero of the
novella

Curley: hates big fellas, so he's got a Jack
Russell (little dog) complex.

Curley's wife: becomes like
the dead mice and puppy that Lennie kills.  Dies in the barn like an
animal.

Candy: identified by his old smelly dog, which gets
shot by Carlson

Crooks: crooked back like the mule that
kicks him.  Lives in the stable next to the mules.

Can anyone give me some examples of Laura neglecting the past?Thank you!

One way in which Laura may have neglected herself in the
past is by not taking the initiative of fighting off (or seeking help to fight off) the
terrible case of social anxiety that she is obviously suffering. lf she had listened
closely to her life, and she had addressed her problems as an individual, she may have
avoided a lot of problems that she would suffer from as an adult. Imagine how different
her life would have been if she had reached out and asked for help that day when she got
so sick to her stomach that she ended up leaving school? If she had carefully taken a
good look at herself she would have known that she needs help and that her mother would
never be helpful the way she needs to.

I agree with the
previous posting as well, because part of Laura's social anxiety prevented her to meet
people, meet men, make connections, or even have a normal life. As much as it is
tempting to deem Laura as a victim, we cannot take away the fact that she is responsible
for herself just like all of us are. We cannot rest our happiness on other people's
shoulders. It would be unfair for both sides. Hence, by neglecting herself in the past,
Laura has compromised future life.

Solve for x and y 4x+ 5y = 10, 6x - 5y = 5.

We'll solve the system using the elimination
method.

We'll note the equations of the system
as:

4x+ 5y = 10 (1)

6x - 5y =
5 (2)

We'll add (2) to
(1):

4x+ 5y + 6x - 5y =
10+5

We'll eliminate like
terms:

10x = 15

We'll divide
by 5:

2x = 3

We'll divide by
2:

x =
3/2

We'll substitute the value of x into
(2):

6x - 5y = 5

6*3/2 - 5y =
5

9 - 5y = 5

-5y = 5 -
9

-5y = -4

We'll divide by
-5:

y =
4/5

The solution of the system
is: {(3/2 , 4/5)}.

What were some of FDR's major accomplishments?

Basically, FDR did two things.  First, he helped reduce
the impact of the Great Depression.  Second, he led the US during most of World War II. 
This means that he was president during two of the biggest crises in US
history.

People often say that FDR ended the Depression
with the New Deal.  Most historians do not agree with this.  They say that the coming of
WWII ended the Depression.  However, FDR's policies and his personal abilities clearly
helped to stabilize the economy after 1933 and prevent it from getting
worse.

Before and during WWII, FDR forged an alliance with
Great Britain and (less so) with the USSR.  He skillfully managed this alliance during
the war and he was in overall charge of the war effort.  his work clearly helped the
Allies to win the war.

Solve the problem.An open box is to be formed from a rectangular sheet of tin 20*32 in cutting equal squares , x in on a side , from the four...

The sides of the rectangular sheet are 20 in. and 32 in.
in length.

Let the sides of the square which are cut be
x.

Once they are cut the side that was initially 20 in.
long is now 20- 2x in. long. And the side that was 32 in. long remains 32-2x in.
long.

Now the sides are turned up to make a
box.

The base of the box has dimensions 20 - 2x and 32- 2x
in. And the height of the box is x in.

Therefore the volume
of the box is (20- 2x)(32-2x)(x)

Or expressed as a function
of x :

V(x) = 4x(10- x)(16-x)
in^3

In To Kill a Mockingbird how does the school setting give the reader an important exposition about southern culture?

The school is a great place for the entire spectrum of
Southern culture to be revealed, because children from all walks of life, from every
demographic and socio-economic category all go to the school.  So, each type of person
and every quirk of the culture can be represented through the children in one small
classroom.  Even better is if the teacher is new to the area, and so must be "initiated"
into the culture, either through direct instruction (as Scout attempts to do), or
through personal experience (as happens when Miss Caroline tries to instruct Burris on
his hygeine).

In the classroom, we get to see the rather
infamous Ewell children first-hand, along with unsavory details about their appearance
and dress.  We learn that they only attend the first day of school, so as to avoid the
authorities and their meddling, and that education is of little value to the entire
family; we also learn that their father is a no-good drunk.  We also learn all about
Chuck Little, who was also poor, but "was a born gentleman."  Then there is Walter
Cunningham, also poor, but with a proud father who refuses governmental help.  All of
these different categories of people have their own way of living in the south.  Scout
herself tries to inform the naive and uninformed Miss Caroline about the intricate ins
and outs of Maycomb culture, but she doesn't receive it too
well.

The classroom provides first-hand witness to some of
the different social classes that exist in the town, and it does so in an amusing and
harmless way, as a sort of precursor to the more intense and serious action that is to
happen later on in the book.  Later, we see these same families behaving in rather
unfortunate ways, and it helps to have a bit of background, through the school, before
those events occur.  I hope that helps; good luck!

Ralph is initially voted as the leader of the boys but overtime he loses this power as the boys begin to follow Jack, why?

The longer the boys are on the island, separated from the
rules of society, the more savage they become. Ralph represents order, the adult world,
rules, which at first, when the boys have not been separated from society for so long,
appeal to them. They take comfort in setting up a mini-democracy on the island, with the
calm, intelligent Ralph as leader.

However, the longer they
are left to the evil within them, the less and less Ralph is able to control them, and
the more and more they become attracted to the violent Jack and his hunter mentality.
The more they are attracted to Jack, the crueler they become as well, until finally,
they turn into savages and turn on each other, killing Simon and then
Piggy.

Why did Russia sell Alaska to the USA?

Not surprisingly, the major reason that Russia sold Alaska
to the United States was the fact that the Russian Tsar needed
money.

Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867. 
The Tsar at the time was trying to modernize the country in a number of ways.  One thing
that was needed in order to modernize the country was money.  Russia felt that selling
Alaska was a good way to get some money, especially because they were not sure that they
could hold on to the territory anyway.  They had recently lost the Crimean War and were
somewhat afraid that they might lose Alaska in another war with the
British.

It is also said that Alaska no longer had much
usefulness to Russia.  The trade in sea otter fur was declining and there were very few
Russians actually in Alaska.

So it seemed like a good idea
to get rid of Alaska and Russia preferred to sell it to the US instead of selling it to
Great Britain since Britain was more of an enemy of Russia than the US
was.

In Seedfolks, what are the stereotypes Amir has about Polish people, and how does his attitude change when he meets one?

All Amir knows about Polish people when he first comes to
America is that "Polish men [are] tough steelworkers and that the women [cook] lots of
cabbage." He has gotten this mental picture of the Poles through what he has heard, so
his perception of them is limited, and amounts simply to stereotypes. Amir has never
actually known a Polish person until he meets the old woman whose garden plot borders
his.

Amir says that he speaks [quite often] with this
woman, who walks seven blocks to the garden along the same route he takes. Both he and
the woman plant carrots. Amir notices that when "her hundreds of seedlings" start to
sprout, she refuses to thin them, to take out the weak ones to give the strong ones a
better chance to grow. In a moment of trust and revelation, the Polish woman explains to
Amir that she cannot bear to do the thinning, which she knows she should do, because it
reminds her

readability="7">

"too closely of her concentration cmp, where the
prisoners were inspected each morning and divided into two lines - the healthy to live
and the others to die."

Amir
recognizes that in sharing this information, the Polish woman is allowing him to see the
rich culture and unique perspective from which she comes; she is revealing to him
something about whom she is as an individual. From that moment, Amir sees her as a
person, unique in her own right, and not just a Pole, and he realizes the limitedness of
stereotypes - "how useless [is] all that [he's] heard about Poles." Once Amir gets to
know the Polish woman for herself, he no longer "care[s]...whether she cooks cabbage."
To him, the woman is more than her nationality; she is a living, breathing human being
with a story and worth that transcends artificial stereotypes.

How can I analze the poem "Breaking Silence" by Janice Mirikitani?please help me with this poem. "Breaking Silence"

This poem is by a Japanese-American poet, Janice
Mirikitani. The poem is about three generations of women and the similarities and
differences of their lives and their worlds. The speaker is the woman in the middle - a
woman who has a daughter and a mother. The speaker begins with her daughter and
indicates how the daughter does not understand her, because the daughter is living in
her modern world. Then she describes her own world, and her mother's world. Each of the
three worlds has different imagery - so you should go through the poem and identify the
images that apply to the speaker, her daughter and her mother. This will help you
understand the things that are different and the same in each of their
lives.

Finally, what is the theme of the poem? Consider the
lines"My daughter denies she is like me" (which appears twice) and the line "I deny I am
like my mother" which appears once. The speaker admits that she denies she is like HER
mother -- she "wants to break tradition" - but is this not the same thing that HER
daughter is wanting to do? Think about it.

Good luck with
the rest! You can figure it out.

Why are pig's hearts used for dissection?

First of all, a pig heart is fairly easy to acquire. Pig
hearts are also fairly similar to human hearts. The are approximately the same size,
they both have four chambers, and they both have the same approximate pumping
capacity.

Since students (unless they are medical students)
do not generally have access to a human heart, the next best thing is used, the pig
heart. Examining a pigs heart can give students the opportunity to get a good look at
how the heart actually works. Some students do refuse to participate in these
experiments because they feel it is unethical. Usually an alternate assignment is
given.

What is the state government's job with maintaining hospitals?I learned it was one of their responsibilities but what exactly do they do?

Responsibilities vary from state to state, so expect that
different states will take more or less control in operations and regulation of
hospitals, often times based on how stable the funding situation is in that state.  That
being said, we often find public hospitals at the county level.  These are non-profit
teaching hospitals that take state funding to provide more health care access for the
population.

At the state level, there are certification
boards for the physicians themselves, and that audit services and finances at the county
hospitals.  In other words, one big responsibility of the states is oversight of the
hospital system to prevent waste and abuse, and to ensure an adequate level of
care. 

There are also hospitals more directly funded and
directed by some states, including mental hospitals and prison hospitals.  Most of these
receive their funding directly from the state (as many patients are unable to pay and
there is a public safety issue in some cases) and/or the people working there are
directly employed and paid by the state itself.

How does the lottery link to belonging?

In "The Lottery," everyone in the town is expected to
participate in the "program."  In this way, crime has been done away with.  It is a way
of life for this town, but like a lottery, you can never be sure when your number will
be called.  Usually when we enter a lottery, we hope our number is
called, but this lottery offers no prize.  In this case, there is certain dread: when
your number is called, it's your turn, and you die.

The
"belonging" comes from the sense that the entire town is in the same situation.  No one
is exempt because he is more powerful, more popular, young or pretty.  The playing field
is level here, in a horrifying way.  And everyone is expected to
participate—they expect it from each other, in order to be a part of this community.
Jackson was able to think outside the box and add a macabre twist to the lives of
everyday people.  This story definitely has the feel of "The Twilight
Zone."

Write a note on the British and American accents?Please answer.

Not sure exactly what you are asking, but an give you some
ideas about how the British accent evolved into the American one in North America over
time.

When Britain established its first permanent colony
in North America, many of the immigrants were ethnically English, and the ones that
followed often were Scots-Irish indentured servants.  Over the next 169 years before
independence was declared, a flood of immigrants of many nationalities, including
French, Germans, Swiss, Dutch and African slaves all arrived on the continent, bringing
with them their own dialects and languages.

Over time, most
of these groups intermixed and intermarried, and the ethnic lines between settlements
blurred.  Vocabulary was borrowed from language to language, and new, uniquely American
terms emerged.  By the 1750s and the French and Indian War, the British soldiers and
officers who were sent the North America observed that "Colonial English" was quite
different than what they spoke, in terms of accent and
content.

The process of continual accent and vocabulary
change has continued into the present day.

Suggest one reason why magnesium oxide is used to line the inner surface of a furnace.

Because it retains its strength at very high temperatures.
It is considered a refractory material with a melting point of 6500 degrees F.  It is
also very non-reactive with other materials that might be put into the furnace and is
even used to make crucibles - containers used to melt other
substances.

In The Crucible, in terms of indirect characterization, why is it significant that Hale recognizes Rebecca Nurse by reputation?

In act one of the play, when Rebecca Nurse steps into the
room, Hale indicates that he knows her, not personally, but by reputation.  Rebecca has
a reputation for being very wise, prudent, loving, righteous and upright; when Hale sees
her, he says,

readability="7">

"It's strange how I knew you, but I suppose you
look as such a good soul should.  We have all heard of your great charities in
Beverly."

This lets us, as
the readers know, that Rebecca Nurse is a good person, so good in fact, that she even
looks good in physical appearance.  Her very physique radiates the goodness that she
carries in her soul.  Also, this helps the reader to know that Rebecca spends a lot of
time in giving charity and service to other people; so much, in fact, that other towns
have even benefitted from it, and heard of her kindness and
generosity.

Miller does a great job of letting us know the
nature of Rebecca Nurse in a very indirect way; the play has limited space, so we don't
have time to follow Rebecca around to directly learn for ourselves that she is a good
person.  So, Miller inserts this little bit of conversation in so that we can gain, in
an indirect way, a feel for Rebecca's character, without using taking too much
time.

I hope that helped; good
luck!

Discuss Waiting for Godot as a religious/biblical allusion play.

Beckett himself argued that the play was not to be read as
a statement about God.  Yet, there is much here to suggest an overall statement about
the nature of totality or transcendence is being rendered.  Put aside the concept of the
word, "God," in "Godot."  When we examine the play of the characters waiting for
something that ends up causing them paralysis in hoping for an arrival, there is some
element of seeking out transcendence to substitute for human action.  Throughout the
play, Vladimir and Estragon speak to taking action, articulate the condition of freedom
in which they are immersed, yet this analysis and experience is stunted because of the
need to "wait."  The implication here is that while individuals might possess the
vocabulary or experiences to suggest otherwise, the faith in transcendence or an
overarching meaning is one where individuals lose their capacity for taking action in
the hopes of waiting.  It is this paralysis that Beckett might be criticizing.
 Certainly, the idea of a divine power providing resolution to the pain of human
consciousness, to the fragmented nature of mortality (something powerfully evoked
through the form of the play), and the idea that there could be something to render
answers so that human action is not needed are all elements that help to bring out a
great deal of religious discourse from Beckett's work.  There is a profound post modern
distrust of anything that can provide transcendental relief, as the belief in the play
is that we can only hope to obtain figments and fragments that might be of use in
guiding us.  In the end, though, we are left despondent in our isolation, without
anything to provide immediate sanctuary.  The best we can do is simply that, the best we
can do.  The answers, if there are any, are nothing more than exercises that consist of
waiting for a dinner guest who will not arrive.

Write a quadratic equation whose root is (1-i)(2+i).

If an equation has a complex root, then the equation
has another root, namely the conjugate of the complex
root.

Because it is a quadratic equation, the number of
roots is 2, and we have already one root, so the second root is the conjugate of the
number (1-i)(2+i).

We'll calculate
(1-i)(2+i).

(1-i)(2+i) = 2 + i - 2i - i^2, where i^2 =
-1

(1-i)(2+i) = 2 - i +
1

(1-i)(2+i) = 3 - i

The first
root is z1 = 3 - i.

The conjugate of the complex number z1
is the second root,

z2 = 3 +
i.

We'll form the quadratic equation using Viete's
relations:

z1 + z2 = 3 - i + 3 +
i

We'll combine like terms:

z1
+ z2 = 6

z1*z2 = (3-i)(3+i) = 9 -
i^2

 z1*z2 = 9+1

z1*z2 =
10

The quadratic equation
is:

z^2 - (z1+z2)*z + (z1*z2) =
0

z^2 - 6z + 10 =
0

What objections might management raise to cooperating with labor?

As with my previous answer, I think that a lot of the
problem here is tradition.  Management has come to see labor unions as obstructionists
who care only for the workers and not for the health of the
company.

However, I think that there is another reason
going on here as well.  The issue here is that management, on a daily basis, has to
supervise labor.  The management has to act as boss and disciplinarian.  Because of
this, it is hard for them to want to cooperate with labor.  Managers, therefore, might
object to cooperation because it would break down the barrier between boss and worker. 
If this barrier is broken, it might make it harder for the bosses to supervise and
discipline workers in the way that they need to.

This is
sort of like the divide between students and teachers, parents and kids, and (military)
officers and enlisted.

Is their any long-term side effects of women putting make up on for years and years?

There are many different conditions that contribute to the
effect makeup usage has a person's skin: their skin sensitivity, the brand of makeup
they wear, how often they wear it, how long they wear it when they do, how and how well
they remove it, etc. etc.

Some people will have break outs
of acne when they wear certain brands of makeup, when they wear it on certain parts of
their face (ex. around the nose or on the chin), if they wear it too long, if they sweat
excessively while wearing it, etc. etc.

On a grand scale
however if a person is conscious of the ingredients of what they are putting on their
skin, long term side effects are rarely seen.  Organic cosmetics are the way to go in
that regard.

Who is more of a monster--Victor or the Creature? Please explain specifically what sort of individuals both the creature and Victo are. Which of...

The creature made by Victor Frankenstein is the "noble
creature" of Jean-Jacques Rousseau; he is untouched by society, uncontaminated by any
genetic predisposal or any environmental influence. Even when Victor rejects him, the
creature yet seeks love and performs unselfish acts such as providing the DeLacey's with
firewood throughout the cold winter.  Without their having extended any reciprocal acts
of kindness, the creature vicariously shares in their lives as he watches and listens to
them with great love in his heart.  It is only when the blind old man's son enters and
attacks the creature that he feels any antipathy toward the family.  And, it is only
when Victor rejects him again and refuses to make a female for him that the creative
becomes retributive.

Victor, on the other hand, rejects
immediately what he has created and seeks to destroy him, even though he is at fault for
the deaths of his brother William and Justine because of his rejection of the
creature; and, he is culpable of putting his friend, Henry Clerval, and his fiancee,
Elizabeth in danger when he does not admit to his act of creation and when he refuses
the creature a companion.  At the end of the novel, Victor yet retains his
self-righteousness while the creature condemns himself, feeling much guilt for his
actions, vowing to rid the world of himself:  "No guilt, no mischief, no malignity, no
misery, can be found comparable to mine." He also expresses far more human feeling that
Victor has ever exhibited:

readability="12">

" for while I destroyed his hopes, I did not
satisfy my own desires.  They were for ever ardent and craving; still I desired love and
fellowship, and I was still spurned....Blasted as thou [Victor] wert, my agony was still
superior to thinke; for the bitter sting of remorse will not cease to rankle in my
wounds until death shall close them for ever....Soon these burning miseries will be
extinct....My spirit will sleep in peace; or if it thinks, it will not surely
think thus.  Farewell." 

If f(x):=x+4 and g(x):= 4x-1, find a function g such that g x f=h

f(x) = x+4

g(x) =
x-1

To find a function such that g *  f  =
h.

Solution:

The
operation

We interpret that The  function h(x) is to be
determined and not g which is already known (or given).

We
interpret  the operation (or composition)   * as  (i)multiplication (ii) any operation
or composition.

(i) * is mutiplying
operation.

If a*b = ab  , or a multiplied by b, then h(x) =
g*f = (x+4)(x-1) = x^2+3x-4. So h(x) = x^2+3x-4.

(ii) * is
any operation or composition of two functions:

If the
composition is a*b = a^2-b^2 , then h(x) = [g(x)]^2 - {f(x)]^2 = (x+4)^2-(x-1)^2 =
x^2+8x+16 - (x^2-2x+1) = 10x+15.

If the composition is a*b
= a - b , then h(x) = g(x) - f(x)  = x+4 -(x-1) = 5.

Explain the importance of the parts of the novel and their correlation with the four seasons of the year.

Each section of the novel offers a glimpse at one
aspect/time of Pecola's life. Essentially framed around one year of her
existence, the novel describes the events season by season, often ironically juxtaposing
Pecola's reality with the traditional symbolism of the season.

The novel begins in autumn, which may seem
unusual for some who would expect it to begin with spring. However, autumn
is a time of harvest, of ripening, and therefore of coming into maturity. Although this
is not true for Pecola in this section, she witnesses Claudia's and Frieda's growth, and
learns from that. Also, fall can become a time of new growth for those
who attend school, since the new year traditionally begins in the autumn
months.

"Winter" is perhaps the most aptly named of all the
sections. Winter traditionally symbolizes cold, barrenness, sterility, and
even death. In this section, we are drawn deeper into the infertile ground that is
Pecola's life. The scene with Geraldine and her son Junior shows just how
far Pecola is outcast from her society. She is surrounded on all sides by hostility and
hatred, as further evidenced by the Maureen Peal episode. Even when Pecola attempts to
be friendly, she is cast aside, leaving her alone and
empty.

Spring traditionally represents
growth, new life, change, beginnings, etc. However, in the novel it is the most
ironically named of all the sections. Instead of change and positive
transformations, Pecola only experiences more and more abuse and terror. Her mother
beats her, her father rapes her, and no one offers a hand or a kind word. Frieda also
experiences abuse at the hand of Mr. Henry. Spring is also traditionally a time of
moving forward, looking fondly on the future. Yet in this section, we look back on
Cholly and Pauline's lives, seeing the horror and pain from the past which is
transferred now onto Pecola.

Finally, summer is a time of
relaxation, freedom, vacation, etc. We typically associate it with children out of
school, but it connects back to the idea of harvest in the autumn. The
summer would be the last time to relax before the rush of reaping in the fall. But
instead we are left with a broken, clearly insane Pecola, wandering the town on her own.
There is no redemption for any character, and Claudia leaves us with the
image of Pecola as the scapegoat for the town, the one on whom everyone else washed
themselves clean.

What is the unit for measuring brightness of light

The unit of measuring the brightness - or to use the
precise scientific terminology, illuminance - in SI system of measurement is lux or
lumen per square meter. Illuminance is measured in foot candles. One foot-candle is
equal to 10.76 lux.

Please note that lumen is the measure
of total light emitted by a source of light. While the lux is the intensity of light
received by a surface. The illuminance of a surface from a given source of light is
inversely proportional to the distance of the surface from the source. Thus, as we move
away from a given source of light the illuminance from that source is proportion to
square of the total distance.

Winston meets Julia and they talk, but neither seems to have any fear of the police. Why?In Book 3, Chapter 6

To me, the answer here can be found by thinking about why
people should fear the police in the first place.  They need to be afraid if they are
doing something wrong -- something the police do not know about and would be angry if
they did know.  But now, those criteria don't apply.  Julia and Winston are no longer
doing anything wrong.

The police already know all about the
relationship that the two of them had before and so it is not news.  The two of them are
not renewing their relationship, either emotionally or physically, so there is no reason
that the police would be angry if they did know.

Overall,
both of the two have had their wills broken and they are no longer a danger to the
Party.  Given that, why should they fear the police?

Analyze the realism and comment on its specificity.

An interesting aspect of the story is the ordinariness and
everyday reality of the angel. He is old, dirty, smelly, threadbare, disgusting, and
subject to illness (he gets chicken pox at the same time as the boy [paragraph 11]).
Pelayo hence throws him into the coop with the chickens, which pick at the parasites on
his wings. He speaks in a strange dialect that to the ignorant natives resembles
Norwegian. Pelayo and Elisenda capitalize on his presence, and make a profit by
exhibiting him to the locals. The doctor who examines him remarks about how well his
wings are structured as a part of his body. The only thing the angel can finally eat,
out of the things that are offered him, is eggplant mush.

What would happen if a solution containing 45g of potassium chloride and 35g of solution of sodium chloride in 100g water were cooled to 0 degree c

How much of a substance we can dissolve in water depends
upon the temperature of the water.  It is measured as grams of substance per 100 grams
of water and is called soluability.  If there is less of
the substance it will all dissolved.  If there is more then either one of two things
will happen:  if it is cooled quickly then some of the substance will precipitate out;
if it is cooled slowly and not disturbed it will hold on to the extra amount in
solution.  This is called a supersaturated
solution.

So lets see what will
happen:

The soluability of NaCl is 35.7 grams at 0 C and
35.8 at 10 C.  Since you have only 35 grams of NaCl this is less than the limit so it
should stay in solution.

The soluability of KCl is 28 grams
at 0C and 31 grams at 10 C.  Since you have more KCl than the limit to begin with it
won't all be dissolved.  (You'd have to heat it to 60 C to dissolve all 45 grams!) As
the temperature cools the water tends to hold less and less KCl.  You will either have a
supersaturated solution or some will precipitate out until it holds only 28
grams.

I am assuming that you are not trying to mix the two
in 100 grams of water.  The fact that they are both chlorides will make the problem much
more complicated.

Did Armand truly love Desiree?

Love — and what this means to different people — is
inherent in “Desiree’s Baby.” Armand hardly seems to truly love Desiree; rather, he “had
fallen in love with her . . . as if struck by a pistol shot.” It seems more a passion
that he feels for Desiree, not any deep-seated feeling or emotion. Indeed, Armand has
known Desiree for years and never felt any feelings for her. Although the softening
effect their marriage has on Armand is apparent — and this could derive from love —
Armand seems to view Desiree more as a possession, something that reflects his status.
After the birth of their child, Armand’s love for Désirée quickly dies, for she brings
shame upon his name. That his love for her could so easily be transformed demonstrates
its superficial quality. For her part, Desiree truly loves Armand. Her world seems to
hinge on his thoughts and feelings. When he begins to avoid her, “Desiree was miserable
enough to die.”

Armand, though he later finds out the truth
about his own heritage, wants Desiree to leave his house because she has besmirched his
name through the child she bears. When Desiree leaves his house, she does not return to
the Valmondes, as her mother implored. Her decision to walk off into the bayou with her
child, to certain death, shows her inability to forge an identity for herself. She feels
cut off from both of her former lives. She also may be grappling with the knowledge of
her child’s newly discovered African-American ancestry, though there is little evidence
of that in the story. Instead, what seems to trouble her the most is her rejection by
Armand. That her reaction to his rejection is so extreme demonstrates the depth of
feeling she has regarding his love and her identity both being taken from
her.

Teacher is buying pencils for 315 students. The pencils are sold in boxes of tens. How can she use rounding to decide how many pencils to buy?How...

The problem is telling about the utility and application
of rounding.

The number of students =
315.

The number of pencils in a bos =
10.

Since each pencil box has 10 pencils, teacher has
to purchase  a number nearest 10  to 315 . There are two nearest 10's: 310 or 320 . But
with 310 pencils , it is short of 5 pencils for 315 students, if she gives one pencil to
each.

With 320 pencils, she can give one each to 315
students and retain extra 5 pencils.

So the number boxes of
pencils each containing 10 pencils to be purchased by the teacher = 320/10 =
32

What were the various means used to deprive African Americans of their right to vote during the late 1800s?

There were several ways that African Americans were denied
the right to vote in the late 1800’s.  After the 15th Amendment was passed in 1867, no
one could be denied the right to vote on the basis of race.  In the late 1800’s, other
laws were passed to try to keep African Americans from voting.  First, there were poll
taxes. These were taxes that had to be paid in order to vote. Since African Americans
were the poorest group in the south, this kept many African Americans from voting. 
There were also literacy tests. A person would have to pass a test to prove he could
read and write in order to vote. Since African Americans were the least educated group
in the south, this kept many African Americans from voting. Many times these tests were
rigged to make sure African Americans would fail.  To allow poor, illiterate white
people to vote, grandfather clauses were passed which said that any person whose father
or grandfather could vote before 1867 did not have to pay the poll tax or take the
literacy test. White men could vote before 1867, so their descendants did not have to
pay the tax or take the test.  African Americans were not allowed to vote before 1867 so
their descendants had to pay the tax and take the test.  Finally, even if African
Americans could pay the tax and pass the test, there were groups such as the Ku Klux
Klan that used violence and the threat of violence to keep African Americans from
voting.

Can you please explain the civil war in the play, Macbeth?

In Shakespeare's Macbeth, there are
really two civil wars:  the play begins and ends with civil
wars.

At the start of the play, Macdonwald and Cawdor, two
Scottish thanes, are revolting against the ruling monarch, King Duncan.  The two
traitors are joined by an opportunistic monarch from another country, but he doesn't get
much attention in the dialogue.  Macbeth, Banquo, and Macduff, presumably,  lead
Duncan's forces in battle and defeat the traitors.  Macbeth, especially, gains favor and
fame and reputation for his prowess on the battlefield.

By
the end of the play, Malcolm, Duncan's son, and Macduff, lead an army against Macbeth
that consists of both Scottish and English forces.  This battle, however, is very much
over before it begins, since Macbeth's forces, for the most part, are no longer loyal to
Macbeth.  Macduff defeats Macbeth in one-on-one battle, and Malcolm's forces are
victorious. 

That the play's structure is encircled in wars
is telling.  This is a violent and bloody drama--from the description in Act 1 of
Macbeth cutting Macdonwald from the navel to the jaw (in other words, he disemboweled
him), to Macduff entering the stage carrying Macbeth's head in Act 5--violence and blood
and the unnatural dominate this play.

Examples of quotes that describe the style of Emily Bronte?-quotes that show the author's style (gothic elements, dark romance, violence, symbolism...

Emily Bronte's classic, Wuthering
Heights, is a novel that contains much imagery and figurative language that
matches the passionate characters and untamed setting.  Surely, readers will have no
difficulty identifying the various elements.

GOTHIC
ELEMENTS

Wuthering Heights itself seems gothic in its
architecture and landscape:

readability="12">

'Wuthering' being a significant provincial
adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in
stormy weather....one may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by
the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of
gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun....Before
passing the threshold, I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over
the front....

The Yorkshire
moors and lowlands lend themselves well to the gothic with their rocky outcropping of
patches of heather, and lowlands that are marshy.  The weather is very fickle, storms
come in suddenly, and the wind blows harshly.  The night that Lockwood arrives at
Wuthering Heights, there is a severe storm, so Lockwood spends part of the night reading
notations made in books by Catherine Earnshaw.  After falling asleep, Lockwood dreams
that Catherine Earnshaw begs to be let in.  Heathcliff, who is awakened by Lockwood's
screams runs to the room, throws open the windows and begs Catherine to come
in:

"Come in!
come in!" he sobbed.  "Cathy do come.  Oh do--once more! Oh! my
heart's darling! hear me this time , Catherine, at
last!"

There was such anguish in the gush of grief that
accompanied this
raving...

The character
Heathcliff is erratic, temptuous, and difficult as a child; he is dark and
brooding:

readability="9">

Heathcliff's violent nature was not prepared to
endure the appearance of impertinence from one whom he seemed to hate, even then, as a
rival. He seized a tureen of hot apple sauce...and dashed it full against the speaker's
face and neck....(Chapter
7)

Heathcliff is referred to
with language evocative of the devil:

readability="13">

"a dark-skinned gipsy,"  his eyes are described
as a

couple of black fiends, so deeply buried, who never
open their windows boldly, but lurk glinting under them, like devil's
spies.

SYMBOLS

--Ghosts
appear in a more ambiguous way than they do in typical gothic works, so they seem more
symbolic.  Certain ghosts, such as Catherine in Chapter 3, when Lockwood wakes from a
nightmare, and the villager's sighting of Heathcliff's ghost in Chapter 34 can be
explained as a nightmare and superstitious beliefs
respectively.

--Animals are used to symbolize Heathcliff's
nature.  Edgar Linton refers to Heathcliff as "a fierce, pitiless, wolfish man."  When
Catherine dies in his arms, Heathcliff howls like a wolf.   He himself uses animal
imagery when he wishes to insult people: "Hareton, you infernal calf, begone to your
work." (Chapter 20)

--Wuthering Heights with its
"atmospheric tumult," and Thrushcross Grange as "a splendid place," are highly symbolic
as the first represents a storm and the latter calm.  They are appropriate homes for the
residents of them.

--Weather is symbolic.  The storm
symbolizes the stormy relationship of Heathcliff and Catherine, as well as the intensely
passionate natures of the two.

THE
SPIRITUAL

The love that Catherine and Heathcliff share is
one beyond mortals.  Catherine in Chapter 9 tells
Nelly,

readability="10">

...there is...an existence of yours beyond
you....My love for Heathcliff represents the eternal rocks beneath....Nelly, I am
Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure anymore than I am a
pleasure to myself, but as my own
being.

Likewise, Heathcliff
compares Catherine to his "soul" that he cannot live without. His desperate attempt for
a greater, higher reunion with Catherine after her death is metaphysical in its
nature.

Could someone give me an analysis of the poem "Where Children Live"?

This poem is unique in many ways because it suggests that
children participate in a world of “secret smiles” (line 20). It is filled with details
that in life might give fits to a harried parent, but in the poem’s context the memory
of children overshadows the chaos they usually create with the detritus of their
play.

“Where Children Live” introduces a number of images
of

“pleasant
rumpledness, ” such as lost shoes, chipped trucks, “bottle rockets, and
 whistles, Anything whizzing and spectacular, brilliantly short-lived” (lines
11-13).

This poem is about
children as children themselves go about creating their own identities. Adults may try
to impose their visions, and give children

readability="8">

“swings, leafy plants, slow-motion back and
forth” (line 10),

but
children do their own things and make their own messes, so that they imprint their
characteristics on the locations where they have been
playing.

The poem is unique in creating sentiment, without
being sentimental, about a subject that very easily might go over the
edge.

What are two important passages in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas? Please include page numbers and if you want explain why you chose them.I don't...

The important passages I have chosen have to do with the
Germans and what they thought at that time.  When Bruno's new teacher arrives, he tells
the boy that history and geography are the only subjects worth studying. Of course,
Bruno likes reading and art.  When Bruno tells his father he finds these subjects
borning, his father replies,

readability="8">

"....it's history that got us here today.  If it
wasn't for history, none of us would be sitting around this table now. We'd be safely
back at our table in our house in Berlin.  We are correcting history here."
(144)

This quote is important
because it shows the frame of mind German soldiers had for their cause and how they
justified their actions.

Another quote that is important is
when Bruno asks his father about the people on the other side of the fence.  His father
tells him,

readability="9">

"Those people ....well... they're not people at
all, Bruno....Well, at least not as we understand the term.... They're nothing to do
with you. You have nothing whatsoever in common with them." (pg
53)

This is an important
quote because it shows what the German soldiers thought of their Jewish
captives.

What causes sudden jerking or twiching of muscles? It this something to be worried about?

The etiology, severity, and cause for concern in regards
to a sudden muscle twitch or jerk depends on which muscle is experiencing this, how
often is this occurring, what is the duration of the "twitch", and is there pain or
discomfort associated with it. I will assume the twitch is only an occasional event of a
few seconds duration with no pain involved. In this case, the cause could be from a
number of factors like over consumption of caffeine, mild electrolyte disturbances, or
even emotional stress.

Generally speaking, when a muscle
twitches the underlying problem is not a muscular one, rather it has a neurological
origin like a mild neuritis of the nerve that innervates the particular muscle that is
twitching. This could be due to an over stimulation of the nerve, an inflammatory
process, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or a B vitamin deficiency. This could
also be due to a more serious underlying neuromuscular
disease.

I encourage you to consult with your physician if
the frequency or duration increases or if pain is experienced with the
movement.

Analyze the theme in in "Everyday Use."

Whenever it comes to identifying themes within short
stories you are going to get a large response involving different ideas and aspects of
the story. I guess you could say that this is what makes a good piece of fiction - one
that can be interpreted in so many ways. For me, however, the theme of this story has to
do with our heritage and our family history and how we respond to it. We can see this
theme through the main symbol of the story and how it is
used.

Clearly the major symbol of this great story is to be
found in the quilts that Dee so desperately wants. Consider how they are presented in
the story:

readability="11">

Out came Wangero with two quilts. They had been
pieces by Grandma Dee, and then Big Dee and me had hung them on the quilt frames on the
front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk
Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty
and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's paisley shirts. And one teeny
faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's
uniform that he wore in the Civil
War.

This description shows
both how valuable they are to the narrator but also what a family history they include
and show. It is clear that the quilts and who they belong to symbolise a far bigger
issue regarding the characters of Dee and Maggie, giving the story its title. Note what
Dee says when her mother declares she had promised them to
Maggie:

readability="6">

"Maggie can't appreciate those quilts!" she said.
She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday
use."

The final decision to
give Maggie the quilts is an act of love and of upbuilding of Maggie, for the narrator
rejects Dee's rather pushy claim on the quilts and gives them to Maggie instead. Thus
the quilts can be said to symbolise the heritage of the family, but also the love and
human spirit of Ma for Maggie as she tries to build her daughter up and show her that
she is affirmed and deeply cared for. Of course, it is Maggie who, unlike her sister,
Dee, has not abandoned her family heritage, and thus will use the quilts in a way that
is honouring to the memory of the family history that they
represent.

The theme is clear: it is vital to not forget,
reject or turn our back on our family background in the way that Dee has done. For when
we do that, we endanger forgetting who we are as individuals.

How would I write an analysis essay for Lady Sings the Blues.I am being asking to analyze the context of the story.

It seems to me that one of the major sticking points I see
in this is the idea of "analyze the context."  I think that more here is needed in order
to better understand how this essay is to be written.  If the question is seeking to
analyze the social context of the narrative, then I think that discussing the reality of
a segregated America, the fact that there was "two Americas," and how this impacted
Holiday is going to be something that needs to be discussed.  If the context of the
story relates to Holiday herself, then you might have to discuss how her being abused
and neglected by people and a social order held tremendous impact on her and her
perception of the world.  In either case, being able to identify specific parts of the
work to support your arguments are going to be essential.  I think that once we identify
what "the context of the story" is, then this essay becomes easier to
compose.

Regarding 1984, would you say that the novel's ending represents for Orwell an optimistic or pessimistic view for the future of our society ?

I have a hard time seeing this as anything but very
pessimistic.  I think that Orwell sees the whole society giving in to totalitarian
government and ceasing to resist that type of
government.

In this book, Winston and Julia were the only
people that we saw truly resisting the Party.  If Orwell is going to be optimistic, it
seems to me that some good would have had to come to them or from them.  But it does
not.  Both of them give in to the Party and Winston even comes to "love" Big Brother. 
So both of the rebels have given in and the Party is unopposed.  Not very optimistic to
me.

What is the dialogue part of the short story "The Leap" by Louise Erdrich?

This is an interesting question because there are no
direct dialogue passages in "The Leap." There are, however, indirect dialogue passages.
Dialogue is the exchange of direct comments between characters or in directly stated
monologue that are indicated by quotation marks, some call them inverted apostrophe
marks. Here is a random example of direct
dialogue:

readability="12">

Tat the cat said, "I should like Christmas
pudding."

Oscar, the big black cat with the large yellow eyes, said,
"We shall be sure to supply you with some when the time
comes."

Indirect
dialogue is when the narrator or a character says that someone said
something. Here is another random example, this time of indirect
dialogue:

readability="11">

Tat the cat faced Oscar, the big black cat with
the large yellow eyes, and told him how very much he should like Christmas pudding.
Oscar, having a heart as large as his eyes, replied to Tat that he should glady be
supplied with Christmas pudding when the time
came.

You can see in the
second random example that we receive the same information (plus the narrator's comment
on Oscar), but the dialogue that is being reported is embedded in the
narrator's words. Indirect dialogue can also be embedded in a
character's words, like in this other random
example:

"I
was speaking to Tat," said Oscar, the big black cat with large yellow eyes, "and learned
that he should like Christmas pudding. I told him that he shall surely have it when the
time comes."

In "The Leap,"
the dialogue is indirect and of the
style of the second random example. The
narrator, Anna's daughter, relays to the reader what those
speaking said, but she does this through her own voice, just as the random narrator
above relays what Tat and Oscar said. Here are a couple of examples of
indirect dialogue from "The Leap":

readability="11">

They laughed and flirted openly as they beat
their way up again on the trapeze bars.

when I opened the window she
told me to raise it wider and prop it up with the stick so it wouldn't crush her
fingers.

my mother asked him to unzip her dress. When he wouldn't be
bothered, she made him
understand.

There are other
examples of indirect dialogue in "The Leap." Just look for the bits where someone's
conversation is suggested. Also, Erdrich uses this technique so effectively that she
evokes the mental image of the conversation ongoing.

[Tat
the cat and Oscar, the big black cat with the large yellow eyes, are the creation of
Audrey Titcombe (author), Bill Titcombe (illustrator). The random dialogue is my own
invention.]

The world where Winston lives has contradictions. What role do they play in the framework of Doublethink? How does Doublethink satisfy the...

The idea of confusion benefitting the party is a powerful
one.  The fact that Big Brother and the government of Oceania has helped to construct a
world where contradictions and confusion is dominant helps the party because it helps to
make the party's simplicity a haven for many.  The party is driven to not have any
impediments to their control over the citizens' lives.  This means that everything, even
logic, must come second to the party and the government.  In such a setting, the more
confusion that is present, the greater the willingness to capitulate to the symmetry and
supposed unity that is offered by the Party.  Doublespeak is an example of this.  In
trying to derive slogans that will keep people in check, preventing them from
questioning authority because of confusing them, Doublespeak is a way to ensure complete
obedience.   Think of a parent really confusing a child, or a teacher completely
confounding a student.  In both situations, there is a point where the child or student
will simply be so lost in confusion that their will to resist will disappear and they
can simply "be led.'

How are the issues of race and imperialism woven into "Heart of Darkness"?

Both race (or even racism) and imperialism are treated as
the common attitudes of white people at the time the book takes place.  This book is set
on the river Thames around the turn of the 20th century.  Generally speaking, the
Europeans aboard the ship (as well as most other Europeans at this time) are largely
ignorant of the lives of the natives they encounter traveling.  Because these natives
look so very different, the general attitude is that they are sub-human - closer to
animals than they are to humans.  This is evidenced by the repeated referrals of black
people as "niggers," "cannibals," "criminals," and
"savages."

Kurtz's treatise, called the "International
Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs" is yet further evidence of the elitist
attitude carried by white men at this time.  It is one thing to merely refer to those
peoples in passing as less than human - here is a man (and the characters who support
his thinking) who genuinely believes they are harmful to civilized society, so he plans
to educate others to fear them.

Marlow is one of the few
characters whose thoughts pose an opposition to the general attitude of indifference if
not blatant disrespect.  He is often reflecting with sympathy on different situations in
which groups of black men are seen working or enslaved.  His thoughts rarely drive him
to action and even his actions (like sharing the buscuit with the man on his ship) are
as slight as his sympathy - but it is clear the author presents this opposing viewpoint
to remind the audience of the humanity of a group of people who are viewed and mostly
treated, like animals.

In the short story "A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner, how is the point of view related to the plot structure?What might be the...

In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," the narrative is
told from the point of view of several members of the town, with perhaps one acting as
voice for them.  And, since different opinions on Emily are submitted at different
times, the narrative chronology is disturbed.  But, this is how memory works:  ideas
come at random times, or when one memory prompts
another.

In fact, memory forms the structure of Faulkner's
story since the story begins with the description of Emily's funeral, which is actually
a flashback since the story ends with the townspeople's discovery of the corpse in her
house after the funeral.  Also, through the foreshadowing of memory, and the isolated,
bizarre episodes such as Emily's refusal to bury her father and the purchase of rat
poison, the author prepares the reader for the grotesque discovery, thereby lending
verisimilitude and a shocking climax to the gothic atmosphere of the
narrative.

"How should one live" according to Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.

Plato is famed for his quip "The unexamined life is not
worth living". (Actually, Socrates is given credit for this, but it is difficult to
separate Plato from Socrates. So for our purposes we will keep them as one and the
same). But what Plato meant is not what the modern person might think this statement
means. To the modern mind, this statement means to be introspective and think of what
life may mean to you, in a relativistic sense. But for Plato, it did not mean this
exactly.

Plato was a Rationalist, which means Reason
(capital R) is what is the most important thing. It ultimately is what allows us to be
happy.

Plato's Allegory of the Cave is his best effort to
explain how we should live. Imagine a cave. Now imagine prisoners chained in such a way
that they can only see one wall in front of them and they are not able to move their
heads.  Above and behind them is a fire which case shadows onto the wall the prisoners
see. This is all they have ever seen and do not understand that it is people and objects
that are making the shadows. The prisoners think that shadows are
reality.

Now imagine that one prisoner is unchained and is
turned around and forced to look at the real things that cause the shadows. His eyes
hurt and he complains that he wants to only see shadows. Next, the prisoner is forced up
out up the cave and into the sun, into the real world. THe sun blinds him at first. Bur
gradually, over time, he is able to see the sun itself.

The
jouney of this prisoner is an allegory for our own journey to see and understand the
Truth (capital T). According to Plato there are four levels of knowledge: Conjecture,
(images like shadows or TV), Belief (based on objects or particular things),
Understanding (represented by the prisoner who realizes that shadows are caused by
objects) and finally, Pure Reason (knowledge of the Forms, or things in
themselves).

According to Plato, we should live our life
trying to understand the eternal Truths (Plato's Forms). When we understand the Form of
something, we are like the prisoner being freed from the cave. At first it hurts, but
gradually we come to see Truth. On Plato's view, humans cannnot be happy unless they are
able to understand the Forms.

OK..that is a rather
simplified view of Plato, but hopefully it answers your question about him. Aristotle
will be a separate answer.

How would I begin to discuss the following scenario where I must explain the principles of language and language use for 90 minutes?What are the...

In order for a language to be understandable and used,
such as the invented one of the four club members, it must have an established grammar
and syntax and vocabulary. On the level of grammar, in an invented language inflectors
that indicate relationship and possession and time would have to be decided upon. For
instance, will family and personal relationship be indicated by inflecting a proper noun
or by the existence of a unique vocabulary word like "Uncle"? Will there be many
indicators of levels of relationship indicated in inflection or will vocabulary indicate
levels, such as "my great-granduncle and my maternal cousin three times removed."
Another example is whether time will be indicated by inflectors as in "whilst" or by
unique vocabulary words in specific constructions such as "will have
been"?

On the level of syntax, what order of construction
will sentences take? For example, will the syntax follows a Subject Verb Object (SVO)
order as in "You close the window" as in English syntax? Or will the syntax follow an
Object Subject Verb (OSV) order as in "The window you make closed"? In addition, will
vocabulary be influenced by tonal qualities in which the tone given to individual
phonemes and morphemes may utterly change the meaning of the vocabulary word, for
example, one tonal variation indicating "cow" and another tonal variation indicating
"swim"?

These are some of the considerations you will give
an overview of to begin a 90 minute discussion of language and language use in an
invented language understood by only the four individuals who have invented it. You
might also start out your discussion by drawing attention to pidgins that have developed
into creoles and/or introducing research that reveals that when a generation is born
into an environment in which a pidgin has become a native language, having been elevated
by various circumstances from the status of a vehicular
lingua franca, it takes only one generation for the pidgin to take on a
full grammar and formalized syntax features. These topics amplify the principles of
language and language use in a discussion of a "secret code" understood only by its
inventors.

In chapter one, why does Nick feel the need to call the police after the phone goes off?The line where it says, "my own instinct was to telephone...

In The Great Gatsby, Tom and Daisy's
home and their lives are not what they might at first seem.  Nick, in the scene you ask
about, is exposed to their marital misery.

Nick is simply
being funny or facetious, although his joke is not without
seriousness.

The "fifth guest," Tom's woman in New York,
calls for a second time, and Nick's words are his reaction to the second call.  A few
paragraphs later, when Daisy tells Nick that she's become cynical, Nick comments that
"Evidently she had reason to be."  This, too, refers to Tom's adultery, and possibly to
Daisy's being married to Tom, period.  Nick doesn't like Tom or think much of
him. 

Not only is Tom going out on Daisy, and not only does
Tom's woman call twice during this little get together, but Jordan also contributes to
Nick's feeling the need to call the police, to call for help.  Jordan, "unashamed,"
leans forward in her chair and tells Tom to be quiet so she can hear what's going on
with Tom and Daisy and the woman in New York.  Things are just not right in this
household.  Instead of being discrete and ignoring the situation, Jordan unabashedly
tries to listen in.  She already appears a bit amoral.

Nick
is overwhelmed and shocked by these people, and by Daisy's situation.  Instead of being
interested or stimulated by the possiblility of scandal, etc., he is a bit disgusted. 
His thought of calling the police is just his indirect way of revealing
this. 

How is Lady Macbeth partially resposible for the bloodshed that occurred during Macbeth?

In Act 1, scene 5, when Lady Macbeth receives the letter
from her husband, she vows that her husband will become king and she asks the
"...spirits that tend on mortal thoughts..." to "...fill [her] from the crown to the
toe, top-full / Of direst cruelty!"  It is clear that she is going to do whatever she
can to convince her husband to do whatever it takes to become king, including to kill
the current king.  When Macbeth tells his wife in Act 1, sc. 7, that he's decided not to
kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth verbally assaults him.  She tells him that he isn't a man in
her eyes if he does not carry out the murder of the king.  She hits him where she knows
it will hurt the most - in his masculinity.  She outlines the plan for him; she is
definitely in control in Act 1.  In Act 2, right after the murder, she tells her husband
to be strong and to remember that there is a prize at the end of this bloody work - the
crown.  Again, she seems to be the one doing the driving.  Even as late as Act 3, sc. 4,
when Macbeth sees Banquo's ghost at the banquet, Lady Macbeth, after sending home all
the guests and making an excuse for her husband's behavior, chastises her husband for
letting his emotions and worries get the better of
him.

Because she is the one who decided that Duncan must
die so Macbeth could become king, she convinced her husband to do the deed, and she even
planned it, she bears a great deal of responsibility for the bloodshed.  Certainly
Macbeth bears some of it, too, because he is the one who actually killed Duncan and
ordered many of the deaths that followed, but if Lady Macbeth hadn't started the process
with her steely determination to see her husband as king, none of the rest of the deaths
would have occurred.

What are the impressionistic elements in Stephen Crane's "The Open Boat"?

Impressionistic elements in "The Open Boat" can be found
in the sensations, emotions, mental
associations, and details brought to the forefront of
the story by way of the author's use of imagery.

The first
details that strike me are the "finely penned" descriptions of the waves.  The
impressionist writers tend not to interpret as much as
convey details to the reader, so we are led
and left to learn how to appreciate the beauty and savagery of each wave as it
approaches the men in the boat.

The waves are compared to
'horses jumping over a fence' that is impossibly high.  The waves toss the small boat
around (like a "bucking bronco") lifting it high into the air and then sliding it down
when the wave recedes--with a bump, and then the men notice another
approaching swell of water in the wake of the first one, and brace themselves again and
again.

The crests of the waves are described as "snarling;"
the foam is like "tumbling snow;" and, the color of the water changes from "slate to
emerald-green, streaked with amber lights." (The narrator notes that a preoccupation
with death distracts the men from being able to appreciate the beauty of the water, but
the reader gets the impression of a living
thing.)

Crane provides arresting descriptions of seaweed,
and the birds that follow the men.  The "seaweed...rolled over the waves with a movement
like carpet in a gale." The birds sat in groups on the water, and the men in the boat
envied them.  Upon the surface of the ever-moving water, "the wrath
of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens...miles
inland." The birds stared at the men with "black bead-like eyes." They wanted to shoo
the birds but needed to be careful so they did not to capsize the boat. The bird that
tries to land on the captain's head conveys a sense of the
ominous.

Again, the detail of sounds captures the reader's
imagination.  "Finally a new sound struck the ears of the men in the boat.  It was the
low thunder of the surf on the shore." Without interpretation, the
author brings to our ears not only the majesty of the water, but also the power and
death-threat contained in the sound.

The men describe Fate
as "an old ninny-woman" who should be "deprived of the management of men's fortunes" if
she would bring a man so close to safety only to let him
drown.

Other examples include "The wind had a voice as it
came over the waves, and it was sadder than the end."

And,
"There was a long, loud swishing astern of the boat, and a gleaming trail of
phosphorescence, like blue flame, was furrowed on the black waters.  It might have been
made by a monstrous knife."

In all of these instances
imagery is the primary tool used to accomplish the impressionist's task: to bring images
to the reader's mind.  This intent is specifically accomplished by the use of similes,
metaphors, and--in Crane's case--especially
personification.

Like a gifted teacher, Crane collects the
material for his student (using imagery) and presents it without telling his student
(the reader) what to think; he leaves the imagery to speak for itself.  The reader
interprets and comes to his/her own conclusion to find personal meaning in the literary
piece.  The language is evocative, vivid and mesmerizing, transporting the reader to a
seat in the boat, watching the sea, feeling the cold and isolation, and ultimately,
elation (as well as sorrow) as the survivors find their way to
shore.

Why is the owner of a business the most important stakeholder? I am doing coursework on Cadbury's. Thank you very much as this is very helpful...

Before we discuss this question in detail, it will be
useful to develop some clarity on nature of ownership of a business. A business may be
owned solely by an individuals, or by several partners, or by a large number of
shareholders. When a business is owned jointly by several people either as partners or
as shareholders extent of ownership has considerable influence on the importance of the
business to the individual. Also the extent to which a person is involved in management
of the business affect his or her interest in the business. A small shareholder in a big
company who holds just a few shares in the company for short term gains, is not likely
to have the same kind of interest as another shareholder who is also the managing
director of the company. Also importance of a company to the owner is also dependent on
other businesses owned by the same person. Thus if a businessman running a big business
also owns another small company, both these companies are not likely to be equally
important for him or her.

Having thus clarified the nature
of ownership, we can now state that an owner of a business is an important stakeholder
in a business as the business affects his earnings and wealth. When an owner manages a
business, the performance and conduct of the business also affects the reputation of the
owner. In this way the importance of the business increases further. The importance of a
business for the owner is also related to the ease with which owner can close one
business and start another. A customer can easily switch his or her loyalty from product
of one company to another, but a businessman cannot close down one business and start
another. Thus the owner is stuck with a business for a long
time.

What did Reverend Parris do before coming to Salem?no

The answer to this can be found in Miller's notes from Act
I, Scene 1.  They are in the part of the notes that is found before the dialogue
actually begins.

In this part of the notes (in the last
paragraph of notes before Tituba's first line), we are told that Parris was a merchant
before he became a minister.  He pursued this profession in Barbados, which is relevant
because that is where he met Tituba.  He presumably (we are not actually told this)
bought Tituba and then (we are told this next part) brought her with him to Salem from
Barbados.

Which is the most malleable metal?

Malleability refers to the the property of many metals
which allows them to be deformed easily by hammering or pressing. the most malleable
metal is gold. It can be hammered into thin foils only 0.0025 millimetre
thick

Other malleable metals, arranged from high to low
malleability are silver, lead, copper, aluminium, tin, platinum, zinc, iron and
nickel.

A characteristics of metals closely, but not
precisely, related to malleability is ductility. Metals that are malleable are also
ductile. The most ductile metals listed in order of their malleability are gold, silver,
platinum, iron, nickel, copper, aluminium, zinc, tin and lead.

In "The Fall of the House of Usher", how does the crumbling house reflect the theme of insanity in the story?

Whether it is the catacombs in "The Cask of Amontillado"
that reflect Montresor's disturbed and twisted character of the House of Usher, whose
dilapidation reflects the own mental instability of its owner, Roderick Usher, Poe
always uses setting to great effect in his gothic, spine-chilling tales of horror.
Consider what we are told about the House of Usher:

readability="11">

Its principal feature seemed to be that of an
excessive antiquity. the discoloration of ages had been great. Minute fungi overspread
the whole exterior, hanging in a fine tangled web-work from the eaves. Yet all this was
apart from any extraordinary dilapidation. No portion of the masonry had fallen; and
there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect adaptation of parts,
and the crumbling condition of the individual stones. In this there was much that
reminded me of the specious totality of old woodwork which has rotted for long years in
some neglected vault, with no disturbance from the breath of the external
air.

Note the overall
emphasis on rottenness and decay. The setting of course is a symbol that could be said
to represent the madness and mental disturbance at the heart of the owner of the house.
At first glance it appears to be of sound quality, but closer examination reveals issues
that could indicate serious structural problems. Remember, the narrator has journeyed
here, not out of choice, but because Roderick Usher, his childhood friend, has written
to him to come and be with him as he is suffering from a "nervous agitation" and a
"mental disorder". How mentally disturbed he is will only be revealed at the end of the
story...

Pearl, now seven, begins to display the quality of intuition. Give a few examples.

I think Pear begins to display the quality of intuition
even before she is 7.  It starts in Chapter 6 - when Pearl seems to only recognize her
mother because of the scarlet letter.  As a baby and a small child it is referenced that
she is frequently touching it and responding to it, almost as if she knows and
understands its power over her mother.

As she gets older,
she starts to show signs of understanding things about people in the rest of the
colony.  She is unafraid to chase the children to attempt to throw rocks at her and her
mother as they walk through town.  When asked at the Governor's house (loosely quoting
here) "Where did you come from/Who made you?" (this said to see if Hester was raising
her child in proper catechism), Pearl responds with something to the effect of: "I was
not born at all.  I was plucked from the rose bush that grows beside the prison door." 
What a response from a 7 year old.

It is also right about
this time that Pearl begins to repeatedly question her mother about the scarlet letter. 
And this question always comes coupled with another, (again, loosely quoting) "Why do
you [Hester] wear the scarlet letter on your breast" and "Why does the minister hold his
hand over his heart?"  She also asks why the minister is always seen with
Chillingworth.

Rather than coming across as innocent
questions, these seem meant to be rhetorical.  It is as if only Pearl recognizes the
answers the lie in these questions, and by asking them, she is attempting to reveal the
answers, rather than her curiosity.

Can you please give a very strong conclusion on reaching goals?

Much of this is going to be dependent on what you have
already written and what it is that you need to prove.  I do think that it is important
to highlight how goals are needed and how they help to substantiate the progress
individuals can make.  In the end, it is the identification and realization of goals
that help to define what marks "progress" and the notion of advancement.  What we choose
to identify as a goal is what we strive towards and it is to that end that we define and
constitute success.  I think that stressing this in any manner when discussing goals
helps to allow the reader to understand their importance in any task and identifying
what it takes to accomplish it.

How does magical realism in The House of The Spirits affect its tone as well as different aspects and themes?

Magic realism challenges the traditional parameters of
pre-modernist perspectives in fiction. It suggests that lives are not ordered or
organised on either rational or god-given lines. In a sense, magic realism is a
fictional recognition of randomness; the principles, if you prefer, of chaos
mathematics. To the author it allows and promotes the willing suspension of disbelief in
his or her readers (diegesis).

Thus the tone of this novel
becomes post modernist (with all the connections that has with critical literacy and the
sense of reader postioning and resistant readings). Thematically the magic realism of
THotS - much of it centred on death and spirits and the afterlife - ties in with
Allende's visons of power and status and the denial of such to women in a patriarchal
society (which they subvert via mediums and spiritualism and so on). Life is not
ordered... and in this novel it is certainly not ordered along the lines that its key
male figures would like.

What are examples of Romeo being selfish, superficial, and impulsive in Romeo and Juliet.

Romeo is a fairly typical teenage young
man.

He is certainly impulsive.  He acts before he thinks. 
This is evidenced most powerfully and tragically when he hears that Juliet is dead.  His
immediate reaction is to return to Verona so that he can commit suicide in her tomb. 
This would seem to be rather impulsive.  Had he taken time to think about and evaluate
the situation, he would have sought out Friar Laurence to find out what
happened.

In the beginning, he would appear to be
superficial.  In Act I, scene 1, he is lovesick for Rosaline.  He only has to see Juliet
in Act I, scene 5 to fall out of love with her and into love with Juliet.  On the the
surface, this would appear superficial but if one were to look more deeply something
extraordinary happens when they speak.  Romeo begins a sonnet which becomes an extended
metaphor and Juliet continues it.  Shakespeare is definitely telling us something about
these two young people.  They complete each other; they are part of the same
whole.

It might seem to be selfish that he marries Juliet
and puts her into danger, but it must be remembered that Juliet is the one who suggests
marriage in Act II, scene 2.

Romeo is a much more complex
character than he would seem.  Where strong emotions are concerned most people don't
behave rationally, so why should a teenage Romeo?

In "The Scarlet Ibis", what is Doodle's father's perspective?

The father of Doodle (referred to as "Daddy") doesn't
really play a very major part of the novel. We can imagine his sadness at the birth of
Doodle, and we are told that it is Daddy who asks the carpenter to build a coffin,
obviously predicting an early death. But also, perhaps to make up for this, it is Daddy
who makes Doodle a go-cart. Daddy of course shares a tremendous sense of pride in
Doodle's ability to walk.

Interestingly, during the blight
of 1918 we receive more information, particularly in his response to what has happened
to his crops:

readability="18">

Doodle and I followed Daddy out into the cotton
field, where he stood, shoulders sagging, surveying the ruin. When his chin sank down
onto his chest, we were frightened, and Doodle slipped his hand into mine. Suddenly
Daddy straightened his shoulders, raised a giant knuckly fist, and with a voice that
seemed to rumble out of the earth itself began cursing heaven, hell, the weather,
and the Republican
party.

This shows Daddy in a
more human light, especially as we are told that after this Doodle and his brother knew
that "everything was going to be alright." It was silence that they feared from
Daddy.

It is Daddy who identifies the Scarlet Ibis, and
during the meal time conversation Daddy shows preference to Doodle, ignoring the
narrator's protestations and denials. It is clear that although he is a minor character
in this short story, he plays an important role in providing love and security for
Doodle and being a role model for both of the boys.

What is the plot sequence for The Wednesday Wars?

The plot sequence for The Wednesday
Wars starts out with Holling being left out of Hebrew School and Catholic
Catechism Class, which is the dilemma that lands Holling in testy Mrs. Baker's room, who
seems to view Holling as an unwelcome intrusion. After grilling him on why he is there,
criticizing his grammar and making him generally miserable, she devises other means to
keep him occupied and out of her way, like moving cream puffs and dusting chalk erasers.
Finally, she resorts to having him read Shakespeare's The Tempest,
the tale of a conjurer who is the dethroned rightful Duke of Milan exiled on a mystical
island who contrives to have his daughter well wed and to return home to reclaim his
throne. [Incidentally, these elements in The Tempest all reflect on
the story of The Wednesday
Wars.]

Amidst landing a potentially embarrassing
role in the school production of The Tempest, bad news for
Holling's family--when the home his father designed gets a leaky roof--a game of catch
with two Yankees players, an emergency visit to the hospital, more bad news for his dad
when his architectural plans are plagiarized, and extremely bad news for Mrs. Baker who
learns her husband is a prisoner of war in Vietnam, Holling begins a romance with Meryl
and joins the cross country team with Mrs. Baker as his coach--a choice that wins him
his first kiss, delivered by Meryl, after winning one of his cross country meets--while
the background of life is the assassination of Martin Luther
King.

The spring of the year comes and Holling's father
loses a big architectural contract to Meryl's father and his sister runs away to
California because her father won't agree to her attending Columbia University. Sadly
influenced by archaic principles, Holling's parents don't try to get her back but when
she calls and confides that she is stuck in Minneapolis, Holling gets her the money she
needs to get back home. June begins with the seventh grade class accompanying Mrs. Baker
to meet her husband--who has been found--at the airport while the country mourns the
death of Bobby Kennedy.