Friday, January 24, 2014

Determine the set of values of m for which both roots of equation x^2 - (m+1)x + m+4 = 0 are real and negative.

x^2-(m+1)x+m+4 = 0. To decide the values of m so that the
roots are
negative.


Solution:


 We know
that x^2 -(m+1)x + (m+1)^2/4 is a perfect square
{x-(m+1)/2}^2.


Therefore by adding and subtracting
[(m+1)^2]/4, the given expression becomes:


{(x-(m+1)/2)^2 -
(m+1)^2/4 + (m+4) = 0


(x-(m+1)/2)^2 =  {(m+1)^2-4(m+4)}/4 =
(m^2-2m-15)/4


Therefore, taking square root, we get the
roots:


x1 =  (m+1)/2 + (1/2)sqrt(m^2-2m-15)
Or


X2 = (m+1)/2 -
(1/2)sqrt(m^2-2m-15).


x1 and x2 are real if  the
discriminant  (m+1)^2-4(m+4) =m^2-2m-15 > 0 Or (m+3)(m-5) > 0. Or  for
m<-3  or m >5, the roots are
real...........(R)



Again, satisfying the above
coditions, the both roots are -ve.So


x1<0 and x2
<0 so that x1x2 > 0 or x1x2 = m+4 >
0.


Or m > -4.


Also
x1+x2 =  - {-(m+1)} < 0  Or m+1  <0  Or


m
< -1.


So the condtions for m is  -4 < m
< -1  .................(N) for both roots to be
negative.


So combining  the conditions for reality as at
(R) and negativity as at (N), we should have the condtion for
m:


{ (m<-3) Or (m>5)} & {-4 <m
<-1)} =  (-4 < m < -1
)


So if m belongs to the open
interval  ]-4, -1 [ , both the roots of x^2-(m+1)x+m+4 = 0
are real and
-ve.


Verification:


m=-3, x^2
-(-3+1)x+(-3+4) = 0  or x^2+2x +1has x = -2+or- sqrt (4-8) .
Satisfying.


m=-5: Equation is x^2+4x-1 = 0,  x= -4+or-
sqrt(16+4) ....one root is ppsitive. So the condition does not hold when m
<-4.


m = +6: Equation is x^2 -(6+1)x+ (6+4) = 0. The
roots are : 6+or-sqrt(7^2-4*10) both the roots are positive.

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