One theme of John Knowles's A Separate
Peace is that of Guilt and Innocence. As
Knowles himself wrote, after Finny's crippling accident, everything that follows
is
one long
abject confession, a mea culpa, a tale of crime--if a tale has been
committed--and of no punishment. It is a story of growth through
tragedy.
That Gene is ridden
with guilt about Finny's condition is evidenced in Chapter 8 in which Gene
observes,
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Until now, in spite of everything, I had
welcomed each new day as though it were a new life, where all past failures and problems
were erased, and all future possibilities and joys open and available, to be achieved
probably before night fell again. Now, in this winter of snow and crutches with
Phineas, I began to know that each morning reasserted the problems of the night before
night fell again.
In Chapter
12 as Gene walks down an aimless road after a confrontation with Phineas, he tries to
cope with his "double vision." He sees the gym in the light, but it alters and its
significance is grows deeper and the
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old trees surrounding it all were intensely
meaning...I felt that I was not, never had been and never would be a living apart of
this overpoweringly solid and deeply meaningful world around
me.
Then Gene returns to
Finny and begins his mea culpa to
Finny:
"Tell
me how to show you. It was just some ignorance inside me, some crazy thing inside me,
something blind, that's all it
was."
Recognizing his
feelings and actions as much like a war inside him, Gene extrapolates his ideas and
states that
it
seemed clear that wars were not made by generations and their special stupidities, but
that wars were made instead by something ignorant in the human
heart.
In the "something
ignorant" in his heart, Gene confesses that he never killed anyone in the war, but he
"killed his enemy before he put on a uniform."
By
returning to the Eden of Devon School where he lost his innocence in the war of the
hearts in which he was engaged, Gene reconciles his guilty conscience through gaining
self-knowledge. In the first chapter, he states that there were two places that he
wanted to visit: "Both were fearful sites, and that was why I wanted to see them." Yet,
as he notices that things have slowly changed at
Devon
and
slowly harmonized with what had gone beofre. So it was logical to hope that since the
buildings and the Deans and the curriculum could achieve this, I could achieve, perhaps
unknowingly already had achieved, this growth and harmony
myself.
Gene looks up at the
inscription over the door that reads, "Here Boys Come to be Made Men" and through his
tragic remembrance of the events at Devon School, Gene does reach growth and
atonement.
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