Newtonian mathematics is deterministic, as in, everything
that is or will happen can be calculated if you know what did happen and is happening
now.
Relativity is not deterministic and operates under the
principles of statistics and probability. It accounts for the seemingly random
movements of particles. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a staple of such
thought, and it states that you cannot know certain pairs of physical proprerties (like
position and momentum) simultanesouly.
Realitivty accounts
for uncertainty; in Newtonian mathematics, everything is
certain.
On macro scales Newtonian mathematics works fine,
on micro scales it falls apart. The atomic level is defined by relativty, yet,
together this uncertainty creates a quite predictable macro
scale.
Some believe that this "uncertainty" does not exist
at all, and it is merely our limitations in understanding that make it appear that
way.
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