Poetic devices are the same as literary devices plus the
addition of some structural features that are specific to poetry. Some structural
features follow: "On the Grasshopper and the Cricket" is a fourteen line sonnet with a
rhyme scheme of a b b a a b b a c d e c d e with no end couplet making it a Petrarchan
sonnet instead of a Shakespearean sonnet.
The rhythm is in
iambs ( ^ / ) for five feet of repeating patterns: it is in iambic pentameter. The
sonnet structure is an octave of eight non-alternating lines and six ending lines
comprising a sestet. There are voltas (turns in topic) at lines 5 and 9 where the topics
turn from the general voice of the poetry of nature to the specific voice of the
grasshopper (5) and the from the grasshopper to a comparison of the cricket in winter to
the grasshopper of summer.
Some poetic devices classed as
techniques used by Keats follow: The poem is based upon a double metaphor in which the
poetry of earth is compare to the grasshopper and the cricket is compared to the
grasshopper. Keats also employs personification (e.g., "he rests at ease," "frost has
wrought") and sensory imagery (e.g., "voice will run from hedge to
hedge").
Keats also uses the figures of speech that are
word schemes, which manipulate sounds, letters, syntax and words to create rhetorical
effects. He uses anastrophe, a type of hyperbaton, that places the adjective on the
wrong side of the noun (e.g., "ceasing never," "warmth increasing ever"). He also uses
the type of hyperbaton called apocope in which the word-final letters or syllables are
dropped for effect or to fit a meter. An example is "lone winter evening" in which the
-ly is dropped from lonely to create
lone.
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