When it comes to symbolism in literature, many objects,
colors and numbers have traditional meanings. These then become applicable each time
they are used in something new. Some traditional symbols have meanings rooted in
mythology, others in the Bible, others, such as numbers and animals, in ancient Asian
traditions.
In this case, the black
veil is certainly used as a traditional symbol. The color black is
traditionally symbolic of evil, sin, things which are hidden, or sorrow. This is very
much a Biblical symbol but is likely rooted in pagan traditions as
well.
The fact that the symbolic object is a veil (or
cloak, really) that the reverend wears is further suggestive of hidden evil and sin. It
is a covering, suggesting that it hides something. It is also a
minister who wears it, which certainly would confuse and frighten
the congregation in the book as ministers were people to be naturally trusted and
respected. However, given the frequency in literature of
corruption in the church, this signals to the reader of the story that something evil
probably lurks there.
In short, the black veil itself is a
very Gothic image, completely traditional in its symbolic
nature.
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