The nature of a sonnet is that the problem raised in the
first part (the first quatrain in a Spenserian sonnet) is resolved in the last part (the
third quatrain in a Spenserian sonnet) and strongly restated in the ending couplet.
Therefore, to find the "inner meaning" of a Spenserian sonnet, look to the third
quatrain and the final couplet. A quatrain is four related lines and a couplet is two
related lines; a sonnet is fourteen lines in
total.
Spenserian sonnets have been confirmed as the poet,
Edmund Spenser, chronicling the difficult courtship of his lady love, Elizabeth Boyle.
So it is correct to say that in the first quatrain, the poet (instead of "the speaker"
who may not represent the poet) lays out a problem (the tide washing away his words),
while in the second quatrain, his lady love introduces a reversal in logic by
contradicting his concern. The third quatrain has another reversal of logic with Spenser
correcting her assertion and establishing the solution to the problem presented in the
first quatrain. This solution is then elegantly and strongly stated anew in the ending
couplet.
From this we can say that the inner meaning of the
poem is that when all the others in the world are dead and gone ("subdued") their "love
shall live." Why? As the third quatrain explains, it will live because he will
immortalize ("eternize") her "virtues rare" and instead of writing her name in sand by
the tidal flow, he will write her "glorious name" "in the
heavens."
Spenser constructed such intricately laced
stories that give logical reversal (e.g., "Sonnet 75")
or, at other times,
logical accord because he
"links" his rhyme together with three couplets that
introduce both a rhyme change and idea change. Spenser's sonnet rhyme scheme is
ababbcbccdcd
ee. The couplets occur
at the 4th and 5th lines (bb) and the 8th and 9th lines (cc) and at the 13th and 14th
lines (ee). At these couplets, Spenser introduces new ideas that are closely related and
either logically oppose each other for logic that reverses
on itself or logically support each
other for logic that evolves through the quatrains to the final solution in the ending
couplet.
[For more, see Edmund
Spenser, Amoretti and "Epithalamion", Arnie Sanders, Goucher
College.]
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