Saturday, November 2, 2013

Which was the first computer language?

Computer language, or, more correctly, computer
programming language are systems of notations and instructions used to instruct or
program a computer to perform the operations it is required to perform. The programming
languages are classified as fist generation (1G), Second generation (2G) and third
Generation (3G) according to the extent of detailed instructions required to be
specified. 1G languages, also called machine languages, were the first ones to be
developed that specified detailed operation to be performed by the machine. Such
programming languages were specific to each type of computer. Such languages, developed
in early 1950,s were used by earliest computers like UNIVAC
I.


The Machine languages were very cumbersome to use, as
each operation by the computer had to be specified in great detail. To make things
easier, the 2G languages were developed later in 1950's 1950's. These languages called
assemblers or assembly language, that included facility to specify operations using
mnemonics and micro instructions. These languages were also machine specific. The
computer itself was programmed to convert the program written in these languages to
machine language.


Finally, starting from late 1950's the 3G
languages made it possible to specify the operations to be performed by computer  in
terms of simple arithmetical formula, logic, or other simple words and phrases in
English language. These included Languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL. These two names
have been formed by shortening the phrases "formula translation" and "common business
oriented language".

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