Saturday, May 16, 2015

What is the main point of Sven Birkerts' essay "Into the Electronic Millenium"? http://bostonreview.net/BR16.5/birkerts.html

In his essay titled “Into the Electronic Millenium,” Sven
Birkerts suggests that humanity is presently at a turning point in which the culture of
the printed word, especially printed literature, is coming to an end and is being
replaced by a culture emphasizing the digital presentation of information. As Birkerts
himself puts it,


readability="10">

This is a shift happening throughout our
culture, away from the patterns and habits of the printed page, and toward a
terra nova [that is, a new world] governed almost entirely by
electronic
communications.



Birkerts
worries that the transition from print and books to data and computers will lead to
various unfortunate consequences, including the
following:


  • Because we now have electronic access
    to so many different and far-flung places at once than we used to have, no place will
    now seem really special or unique. A kind of sameness will descend on our experience of
    the world:

readability="6">

Every place once unique–itself–is strangely shot
through with radiations from every other
place.



  • Fewer and
    fewer people now read newspapers and other forms of printed communications. Instead they
    rely on electronic media as sources of information. This change is unfortunate, because
    print forces us to think and to be actively engaged, whereas when we receive information
    through digital means (such as television), we tend to be mere passive receptors. When
    we read a newspaper or book, we are in control of the pace at which we read and of our
    progression through the material; when we passively watch television, the machine
    determines, in every way, our experience.  We thus lose individuality. As Birkerts puts
    it,

readability="6">

With visual media, impression and image take
precedence over logic and
concept.



  • Visual
    media focus on the experience of the present moment, and thus a sense of history and of
    the past is lost. One symptom of this loss of historical consciousness may be the rise
    of so-called “postmodernism,” in which distinctions between specific historical periods
    are lost.

  • Birkerts worries that the subtleties and
    complexities of communication and of language fostered by a print culture will be lost
    and will be replaced by language that is simpler, plainer, more streamlined, and less
    interesting.

  • He also worries that curricula will be
    simplified or dumbed-down because students will no longer have much practical training
    in reading, in complex reasoning, and in the appreciation of the nuances and subtleties
    of language.

  • Because we will be so much involved in the
    present, in the now, our conceptions of the past are likely to
    become more superficial, less complex, more
    cartoonish.

  • The new media may discourage people from
    thinking for themselves.  This change may therefore result in a loss of individuality
    and privacy. Society may run the risk of becoming a huge collective, rooted less and
    less in complex thought by distinct individuals and rooted more and more in mass trends
    in which people respond to collective stimuli rather than doing the hard work of reading
    and of really thinking for themselves.

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