A mentally challenged person is one suffering from a
condition of subnormal intellectual and social development. IQ of such a person ranks
significantly below average person. Also the person is less competent in social
functioning as compared to to persons of same age group and cultural
background.
A person may become mentally challenged due to
many diverse causes. Generally condition of most such persons results from a combination
of such factors, that none of which could have produce the condition by itself. The
contributing factors include things like poverty, poor physical health, malnutrition,
insufficient educational advancement, and basic mental
capacity.
In a few cases the condition of a mentally
challenged person may result from a single cause that may be genetic or environmental.
The genetic causes include the presence of an extra chromosome or an abnormal chromosome
in the cells.
Environmental causes may occur before,
during, or after birth of the mentally challenged person. For example it can be caused
by improper mental development of he affected person due to mother catching some types
of diseases or encountering other health problems during pregnancy. Premature birth,
injury during birth, or failure of new born baby to breathe properly may also cause
improper development or damage to the brain resulting in the person becoming mentally
challenged. During childhood brain may be damaged by causes such as as brain infection,
head injury, prolonged high fever, swallowing or breathing poisonous
substances.
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