Monday, December 16, 2013

I need help identifying the open or closed form of "To an Athlete Dying Young," by Housman and how the structure contributes to overall...

The poetic concepts of href="http://www.textetc.com/modernist/open-forms.html">open and closed
forms
reflect the poet's attitude toward and use of poetic
structures, which include such things as meter, rhyme scheme, rhythm, verse (line)
length, stanzas and the convention of poetic devices. A closed
form
is a conventional poem the scansion of which will reveal meter,
rhythm, and musicality and an analysis of which will reveal poetic devices such as the
tropes of irony, metaphor, and personification as well such thing as alliteration and
assonance. An open form is a form the considers these
conventions of poetic structure as imprisoning to the poetic endeavor and poetic
freedom. Open form has no predetermined rhythm, meter or
verse length; they have no or perhaps few tropes and other devices (some might still
retain meter or rhyme or other device).


Applying open form
and closed form to a structural analysis of "To An Athlete
Dying Young," shows the stanzas are regular and consistent,
being seven stanzas of quatrains (four verses per stanza); each stanza has a aabb
rhyme scheme (race / -place; by / high); the rhythm is in
consistent iambs (^ / ; unstressed - stressed), with an
occasional verse having a shortened first metrical foot as in "Man' / and^ boy' / stood^
cheer' / -ing^ by'," and "Run' / -ners^ whom' / re^ -nown' / out^ -ran' ". A shorten
fist foot is called an href="http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_C.html#catalectic_anchor">acephalous,
or headless foot, which is a category of href="http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_C.html#catalectic_anchor">catalexis
in which one or more unstressed beats are dropped from the beginning, or ending, of a
verse (line) of poetry. The meter (the number of metrical feet) throughout is four feet,
which is called tetrameter. When the metric label
tetrameter is combined with the rhythmic description iambic, the designation
iambic tetrameter is derived for the metrical structure of
the poem.


Even without proceeding to an analysis of
poetic devices such as metonymy ("we chaired you") and
metaphor ("townsman of a stiller town") and personification ("Eyes of the shady night"),
it is clear from structural evidence alone that "To an Athlete Dying Young" is a
closed form poem. One contribution the closed form makes to
the overall effect is to present a dirge-like musicality by
keeping a strict metrical (rhythm and meter) structure. Also the measured stanzas in
quatrains add to the perception of the measured slow step of a funeral march, while the
aabb rhyme structure provides a support to the dirge-like rhythmic repetition of iambs
and the metrical repetition of the four-count tetrameter.

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