What are some of the important literary elements that exist in the novel The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold?

The first noteworthy literary element in The
Lovely Bones is probably the point-of-view.  First person limited or third
person omniscient are two of the most common perspectives from which novels are
written.  It is somewhat rare for a novel to be told from a first person
omniscient point-of-view.  This is because it is rare that a
character would be privy to all information.  Sebold accomplishes this by using a
narrator who is dead.

The other two elements I would
encourage you to examine are flashback and
foreshadowing.  Essentially, this story is a mystery.  It not told
in chronological order.  The techniques of foreshadowing and flashback are used to
heighten the suspense and mystery.  As a result, they keep the reader interested.  This
is certainly a book that once started, is very difficult to put down until it is
finished.