One way to define satire is to say that it is the process
of making fun of some problem -- a human vice or an institution that has problems. By
making fun of it, the author is trying to get people to "fix" the
problems.
In this story, Orwell is satirizing the Russian
communist system and its claims that it is a democratic society that is built around
helping the workers. By showing the way the pigs in the story behave, he is pointing
out how the elites of the Russian Communist Party set out from the very beginning to
take power and privilege from themselves. He shows how they came to be no better than
the capitalist oppressors that they overthrew.
This is
satire because he is making fun of the way the communists claimed one thing and did
things that were totally opposite. He ridicules them, in part, by portraying them as
pigs. By doing this, he hopes to encourage people to think about how badly, in his
mind, the Russian Revolution went wrong.
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