The shoulder consists of three bones, the humerus,
clavicle (collar bone) and scapula (shoulder blade), and their surrounding muscles,
tendons and ligaments
The main joint of the shoulder is the
glenohumeral joint.
Shoulder joint surgery is sometimes
necessary in the following circumstances.
1. Severe
rotator cuff injury (injury of the muscles, ligaments and tendons about the shoulder
joint)
2. Severe shoulder joint
fractures
3. Joint destruction from osteoarthritis (wear
and tear arthritis)
4. Avascular necrosis of the joint
(death of the bone from lost blood supply)
Surgery of the
shoulder joint ranges from arthroscopic surgery, where instruments are inserted into the
joint through a small incision, to major surgery in which the entire joint is replaced
with an artificial joint (shoulder joint prosthesis).
To
answer your question you will need to understand the components of artificial shoulder
joints. To make a glenohumeral joint you will have to use similar
components.
The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket
joint. The ball is the humerus head. The socket is formed by the bones of the scapula
and is called the glenoid fossa. A shoulder prosthetic joint is therefore composed of
a convex, polished metal ball made of stainless steel. This replaces the head of the
humerus. The joint socket that replaces the glenoid fossa is made of plastic
(acrylic). These structures are driven or pressed into the humerus and scapula, and
usually glued in place with methyl methacrylate cement.
An
alternate shoulder joint prosthesis is a reverse joint in which the convex ball is
pinned and cemented into the glenoid fossa, and a plastic convex cap attached to a steel
base is cemented into the humerus.
So to construct a
glenohumeral joint you will need Acrylic Plastic, Stainless steel, and bone
cement.
The references will give you a better idea of the
anatomy of the shoulder and composition shoulder joint
prostheses.
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