To my mind, this soliloquy runs the risk of being
overlooked in terms of what it reveals about Hamlet at this stage of the play, so well
done for focussing on it! In Act IV scene 4 Hamlet meets Fortinbras's army, which is
heading across Denmark on its way to fight Poland. After the army has left, Hamlet, in
his final soliloquy of the play, examines the action of Fortinbras and compares it to
his own. This soliloquy bears much resemblance to when Hamlet compared himself with the
actor in Act II scene 2, as both comparisons leave Hamlet feeling ashamed. He resolves
to have more bloody thoughts from now on.
It is well worth
analysing this speech in detail, however, because in this soliloquy Shakespeare seems to
give a penetrating insight into the processes of Hamlet's tortured thinking. Again, he
moves from self-disgust to a decision to act. His final words sound
determined:
Oh
from this time forth,
My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing
worth.
And yet this is shown
to be ironic. As so often, Hamlet's actions contradict his words. His thoughts appear to
move logically towards the bloodthirsty conclusion, and yet the speech is a mass of
contradictions. Shakespeare is showing us that what someone says is not always what they
believe.
Consider this part of his
soliloquy:
I
do not know
Why yet I live to say this thing's to
do,
Sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and
means
To
do't
Hamlet seems to be not
being honest with himself. In fear of divine punishment from a Christian God, Hamlet
definitely does not possess the "will" to take
revenge.
readability="7">
Hamlet proceeds to contradict himself
explicitly:
Examples gross as earth exhort
me.
This is clearly
illogical. Things that are "gross" or foul cannot encourage you to to do anything except
the opposite. Hamlet was sickened by what Fortinbras's army was going off to do. Now, he
feels their behaviour impelling him to do something similarly "honourable", but
honourable from the pagan perspective. Hamlet then re-writes what he has just seen,
changing his view on Fortinbras and his conquest, trying to project himself into his
shoes and play the role his father would have wished him to play. Hamlet somehow reasons
himself into seeing the world upside-down, and yet, in this topsy-turvy view, there are
hints of something "rotten" in it - he admits that "fame" is "a fantasy and a trick",
even as he states his defiant last couplet and goes off supposedly full of
revenge.
This soliloquy, then, is highly interesting
because it shows the contradictory state of Hamlet and his mind and, most importantly,
his attitude towards taking the revenge his father wishes him to
take.