What are the control surfaces of an aircraft that allow it to turn?

Some of the basics, particularly relevant to turning the
aircraft, are the ailerons and the rudder.  The rudder is used to change the attitude of
the nose of the aircraft while still in the horizontal
plane.

Along with the rudder, the elevators and the
ailerons are used to allow an aircraft to turn in a smoother way, often referred to as a
bank or banking turn.  By using the rudder and the elevators together, along with the
trim tabs located on the wings, an airplane can change directions smoothly without
losing a great deal of speed.