Different engines demand different types of oil with
unique properties.
Therefore crude oil is destilled
according to its fractions. For more details see answer from
lit24.
The composition of oil can vary and depends on its
origin. Generally speaking it is a composition of alcanes and aromatic
compounds.
The specific fractions
are:
Paraffines:
C1-C4
(Propane, liquid gas)
C4-C12 (gasoline,
petrolether)
C12-C15 (kerosin, heating
oil)
C15-C25 (dieseloil,
gasoil)
>C25 (wax,
asphalt)
Cycloparaffines:
Cyclohexan,
Cyclopentan
Aromates:
Benzol,
Toluol, Ethylbenzol, Xylole
Note that the chain
lengths increases from C1 to C25 and with it decreases the volatility and
water-solubility.
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